DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A framework for modelling mechanical behavior of surrounding rocks of underground openings under seismic load

  • Zhang, Yuting (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute) ;
  • Ding, Xiuli (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute) ;
  • Huang, Shuling (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute) ;
  • Pei, Qitao (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute) ;
  • Wu, Yongjin (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute)
  • Received : 2017.02.12
  • Accepted : 2017.12.16
  • Published : 2017.12.25

Abstract

The surrounding rocks of underground openings are natural materials and their mechanical behavior under seismic load is different from traditional man-made materials. This paper proposes a framework to comprehensively model the mechanical behavior of surrounding rocks. Firstly, the effects of seismic load on the surrounding rocks are summarized. Three mechanical effects and the mechanism, including the strengthening effect, the degradation effect, and the relaxation effect, are detailed, respectively. Then, the framework for modelling the mechanical behavior of surrounding rocks are outlined. The strain-dependent characteristics of rocks under seismic load is considered to model the strengthening effect. The damage concept under cyclic load is introduced to model the degradation effect. The quantitative relationship between the damage coefficient and the relaxation zone is established to model the relaxation effect. The major effects caused by seismic load, in this way, are all considered in the proposed framework. Afterwards, an independently developed 3D dynamic FEM analysis code is adopted to include the algorithms and models of the framework. Finally, the proposed framework is illustrated with its application to an underground opening subjected to earthquake impact. The calculation results and post-earthquake survey conclusions are seen to agree well, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Based on the numerical calculation results, post-earthquake reinforcement measures are suggested.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, Central Research Institutes of Public Causes

References

  1. Bindiganavile, V.S. (2003), "Dynamic fracture toughness of fiber reinforced concrete", Ph.D. Dissertation of University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  2. Chen, J.Y. and Li, J. (2003), "Seismic response analysis of high arch dam based on strain rate-dependent concrete damage model", China Civil Eng. J., 36(10), 46-50.
  3. Chong, K.P., Hoyt, P.M., Smith, J.W. and Paulsen, B.Y. (1980), "Effects of strain rage on oil shale fracturing", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 17(1), 35-43.
  4. Chowdhury, S.S., Deb, K. and Sengupta, A. (2015), "Dynamic response of underground box structure subjected to explosion seismic wave", Earthq. Struct., 8(5), 1147-1170. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.5.1147
  5. Cui, Z., Sheng, Q. and Leng, X.L. (2016), "Control effect of a large geological discontinuity on the seismic response and stability of underground rock caverns: a case study of the Baihetan# 1 surge chamber", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 49(6), 2099-2114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0908-6
  6. Fattah, M.Y., Hamood, M.J. and Dawood, S.H. (2015), "Dynamic response of a lined tunnel with transmitting boundaries", Earthq. Struct., 8(1), 275-304. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.275
  7. Fattah, M.Y., Schanz, T. and Dawood, S.H. (2012), "The role of transmitting boundaries in modeling dynamic soil-structure interaction problems", Int. J. Eng. Technol., 2(2), 236-258.
  8. Fu, X.D., Sheng, Q., Zhang, Y.H. and Dai, F. (2015), "Boundary setting method for the seismic dynamic response analysis of engineering rock mass structures using the discontinuous deformation analysis method", Int. J. Numer. Analy. Meth. Geomech., 39(15), 1693-1712. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2374
  9. Ge, X.R., Jiang, Y., Lu, Y.D. and Ren, J.X. (2010), "Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 22(10), 1581-1585.
  10. Grady, D.E. (1996), "Shockwave properties of brittle solids", AIP Conference Proceedings : Shock Compression of Condensed matters, New York, May.
  11. Huang, H.X., Li, J., Rong, X.L., Fan, P.X. and Feng, S.F. (2016), "Dynamic response of underground box structure subjected to explosion seismic wave", Earthq. Struct., 10(3), 669-680. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.669
  12. Ismeik, M. and Shaqour, F. (2015), "Seismic lateral earth pressure analysis of retaining walls", Geomech. Eng., 8(4), 523-540. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.4.523
  13. Jafarnia, M. and Varzaghani, M.I. (2016), "Effect of near field earthquake on the monuments adjacent to underground tunnels using hybrid FEA-ANN technique", Earthq. Struct., 10(4), 757-768. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.757
  14. Ju, Q.H. and Wu, M.B. (1993), "Experimental studies on dynamic characteristics of rock under triaxial compression", Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 15(3), 73-80.
  15. Li, H. (2007), "Dynamic shearing constitutive model of lighologic material and application in finite element analysis", Master Dissertation of Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
  16. Li, X.B., Zou, Y.J. and Ma, C.D. (2006), "Constitutive model of rock under coupled static-dynamic loading with intermediate strain rate", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 25(5), 865-874.
  17. Lin, G., Chen, J.Y. and Xiao, S.Y. (2003), "Dynamic behavior of concrete and nonlinear seismic response of arch dam", J. Hydra. Eng., 34(6), 30-36.
  18. Liu, J.B., Gu, Y. and Du, Y.X. (2007), "Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements", Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 28(9), 1070-1075.
  19. Mahmoud, S. (2014), "Blast load induced response and the associated damage of buildings considering SSI", Earthq. Struct., 7(3), 349-365. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.3.349
  20. Qi, C.Z., Miao, Q.S. and Qian, Q.H. (2002), "Dynamic model of rocks with consideration of strength-strain rate dependence", World Earthq. Eng., 18(3), 52-56.
  21. Shang, J.L., Shen, L.T., Zhao, Y.H. and Zhao, J. (1998), "Dynamic constitutive equation of the Bukit Timah granite", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 17(6), 634-641.
  22. Sun, J.Y. and Li, G.Q. (2006), "Development of solid material's constitutive model on the dynamic load", Sichuan Build. Sci., 32(5), 144-149.
  23. The Professional Standards Compilation Group of the People's Republic of China (2015), "Code for seismic design of hydraulic structures of hydropower project (NB35047-2015)", China Electric Power Press, Beijing, China.
  24. Xiao, M. (2000), "Mechanics of large long corridor of surge tank", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 19(4), 476-480.
  25. Xiao, S.Y., Lin, G., Lu, J.Z. and Wang, Z. (2002), "Effect of strain rate on dynamic behavior of concrete in compression", J. Harbin Univ. C. E. & Arch., 35(5), 35-39.
  26. Xiao, S.Y., Lin, G., Wang, Z. and Lu, J.Z. (2001), "Effect of strain rate on dynamic behavior of concrete in tension", J. Dalian Univ. Technol., 41(6), 721-725.
  27. Xu, G., Chen, F. and Xiao, J.Q. (2005), "Experimental study of rock tensile strength under intermediate strain rate", Soil Eng. Found., 19(4), 51-53.
  28. Yang, X.L. and Pan, Q.J. (2015), "Three dimensional seismic and static stability of rock slopes", Geomech. Eng., 8(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.1.097
  29. Zhang, H. and Lu, F. (2009), "Test research on dynamic properties of granite under strain rate from 101 to $10^2s^{-1}$", Rock Soil Mech., 30, 29-32.
  30. Zhang, Y.M. (2010), "Study on response characteristics of large underground cavern group under earthquake", Doctoral Dissertation of Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
  31. Zhang, Y.T. (2011), "Study on seismic response analysis and structural plane-controlled stability of surrounding rock for large scale underground cavern complexes", Doctoral Dissertation of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
  32. Zhang, Y.T., Xiao, M. and Chen, J.T. (2010), "Seismic damage analysis of underground caverns subjected to strong earthquake and assessment of post-earthquake reinforcement effect", Disast. Adv., 3(4), 127-132.

Cited by

  1. Development of a uniform seismic vulnerability index framework for reinforced concrete building typology vol.47, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103838