References
- Akiyama K. 1965. Studies of ecology and culture of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. II. Environmental factors affecting the growing and maturation of gametophyte. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Laboratory 25:143-170.
- Akiyama K and M Kurogi. 1982. Cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, the decrease in corps from natural plants following crop increase from cultivation. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Laboratory 44:1-100.
- Alberto GU and R Daniel. 1999. Factors affecting sporulation of Gracilaria cornea (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) carposporophytes from Yucatan, Mexico. Hydrobiologia 398/399:285-290. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017071427664
- Breeman AM. 1988. Relative importance of temperature and other factors in determining geographic boundaries of seaweeds: experimental and phenological evidence. Helgolander Meeresunters 42:199-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366043
- Brown MT and MD Lamare. 1994. The distribution of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar within Timaru Habour, New Zealand. Jpn. J. Phycol. 42:63-70.
- Choi HG, YS Kim, SJ Lee, EJ Park and KW Nam. 2005. Effects of daylength, irradiance and settlement density on the growth and reproduction of Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. J. Appl. Phycol. 17:423-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-005-0432-2
- Chung YK and DY Chung. 1967. Studies of the artificial seedling production and growth of Undaria pinnatifida (Har) Sur. Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency 2:143-152.
- Fain SR and SN Murray. 1982. Effects of light and temperature on net photosynthesis and dark respiration of gametophytes and embryonic sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera. J. Phycol. 18:92-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1982.tb03161.x
- FAO 2016. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Statistics and Information Service. FishStatJ: Universal software for fishery statistical time series, version 2.12.5. Available: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en.Accessed 3 Dec. 2016.
- Hwang EK, JM Baek, CS Park. 2009. The mass cultivation of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura as a summer feed for the abalone industry in Korea. J. Appl. Phycol. 21:585-590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9402-4
- Hwang EK, CH Shim, DS Ha, YG Gong and CS Park. 2011. Regeneration and maturation induction of free-living gametophytes of Undariopsis peterseniana for their mass production. Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44:155-161.
- Hwang EK, YG Gong, DS Ha and CS Park. 2010. Inducing the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:231-238.
- Hwang EK, HC Yoo, SM Kim, JM Beak and CS Park. 2015. Isolation, regeneration and maturation induction of free-living gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyceae). Korean J. Environ. Biol. 2:248-255.
- Kain JM. 1964. Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea. III. Survival and growth of gametophytes. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 44:415-433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400024929
- Kang JW and IK Chung. 2015. Effects of temperature and light intensity on the gametophyte fragment growth of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:704-711.
- Kato T and Y Nakahisa. 1961. Studies on the culture of Undaria pinnatifida. Bull. Tokushima Pref. Fish. Exp. Sta. 3:3-36.
- Li DP, ZG Zhou, HH Liu and CY Wu. 1999. A new method of Laminaria japonica strain selection and seedling culture by the use of gametophyte clones. Hydrobiologia 398/399: 473-476. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017090130586
- Li S, K Qiao, T Shan, S Pang and H Hou. 2013 Genetic diversity and relationships of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida cultivated along the Dalian Coast as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. J. Appl. Phycol. 25:1255-1263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9922-1
- Luning K. 1981. Egg release in gametophytes of Laminaria saccharina: Induction by darkness and inhibition by blue light and UV. Br. Phycol. J. 16:379-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618100650441
- Luning K. 1993. Environmental and internal control of seasonal growth in seaweeds. Hydrobiologia 260/261:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048997
- Maier I. 1982. New aspects od pheromone-triggered apermatozoid release in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta). Protoplasma 113:137-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01282003
- Morita T, A Kurashima and M Maegawa. 2003. Temperature requirements for the growth and maturation of the gametophyte of Undaria pinnatifida and U. undarioides (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Phycol. Res. 51:154-160.
- Na YJ, DV Jeon, SJ Han, CAO Maranguy, DS An, HK Cha, JB Lee, JH Yang, HW Lee and HG Choi. 2016. Crossed effects of light and temperature on the growth and maturation of gametophytes in Costaria costata and Undaria pinnatifida. Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:190-197.
- Okamura K. 1915. Undaria and its species. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 29:269-281.
- Parker RE. 1979. Introductory statistics for biology. 2nd edition. Edward Arnold, London, U.K. p. 122.
- Rothausler E, I Gomez, U Karsten, F Tala and M Thiel. 2011. Physiological acclimation of floating Macrocystis pyrifera to temperature and irradiance ensures long-term persistence at the sea surface at mid-latitudes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 405:33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.05.018
- Saito Y. 1956a. An ecological study of Undaria pinnatifida Sur. I. On the influence of environmental factors upon the development of gametophytes. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 22:229-234. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.22.229
- Saito Y. 1956b. An ecological study of Undaria pinnatifida Sur. II. On the influence of environmental factors upon the maturity of gametophytes and early development of sporophytes. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 22:229-234. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.22.229
- Saito Y. 1962. Fundamental studies on the propagation of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. Contr. Fish. Lab. Fac. Agr. Univ. Tokyo 3:1-101.
- Saito Y. 1972. On the effects of environmental factors on morphological characteristics of Undaria pinnatifida and the breeding of hybrids in genus Undaria. pp. 117-131. In Contributions to the Systematics of Benthic Marine Algae of the North Pacific (Abbott IA and Mi Kurog eds.). Sapporo Jap. Soc. Phycol. Kobe.
- Segi T and W Kida. 1958. Studies on the development of Undaria undarioides (Yendo) Okamura (II). On the development of sporophytes and influence of light intensity on it. Fac. Fish. Pref. Univ. Mie. 2:517-525.
- Serisawa Y, Y Yokohama, Y Aruga and J Tanaka. 2002. Growth of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) sporophytes transplanted to a locality with different temperature conditions. Phycol. Res. 50:201-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2002.tb00152.x
- Van den Hoek C. 1984. World-wide latitudinal and longitudinal seaweed distribution patterns and their possible causes, as illustrated by the distribution of Rhodophytan genera. Helgolander Meeresunters 38:227-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01997483
- Watanabe T and K Nisixawa. 1984. The utilization of wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) in Japan and manufacture of 'haiboshi wakame' and some of its biochemical and physical properties. Hydrobiologia 116:106-111.
- Wi MY, EK Hwang, SC Kim, MS Hwang, JM Baek and CS Park. 2008. Regeneration and maturation induction for the free-living gametophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). Korean J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:381-388.
- Wu CY, DP Li, HH Liu, GA Peng and JX Liu. 2004. Mass culture of Undaria gametophyte clones and their use in sporeling culture. Hydrobiologia 512:153-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000020321.73728.21
- Xu B, QS Zhang, SC Qu, YZ Cong and XX Tang. 2009. Introduction of a seedling production method using vegetative gametophytes to the commercial farming of Laminaria in China. J. Appl. Phycol. 21:171-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9347-z
- Yamanaka R and K Akiyama. 1993. Cultivation and utilization of Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) as food. J. Appl. Phycol. 5:249-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004026