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학교의 변화를 마주한 과학 교사들의 인식과 수업 실천에서 나타난 도전과 변화

Science Teachers' Recognition of the Changing School Environment and Challenges for Teaching Practices

  • 투고 : 2017.07.24
  • 심사 : 2017.12.05
  • 발행 : 2017.12.31

초록

최근 지능정보화사회가 가져올 급격한 변화에 대비하는 새로운 교육의 필요성에 대한 인식이 고조되고 있다. 세계 각국에서는 이러한 변화에 대비하여 첨단 정보통신 기기의 도입과 활용이 중심이 되는 스마트 학교 등을 시도하고 있고, 국내에서도 혁신 학교 등을 통해 새로운 시대를 준비하는 교실 환경과 교육과정의 변화를 위한 노력들이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 변화의 맥락 속에서 이루어지고 있는 학교의 기반 시설과 교육과정을 비롯한 제도의 변화에 대하여 과학교사가 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 알아보았다. 또 그러한 교육 환경의 변화에 대한 인식 속에서 과학교사들의 수업 실천에서는 어떠한 도전과 변화가 나타나는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 일반학교와는 차별화된 변화를 시도하고 있는 중학교의 과학교사 2인에 대한 심층 면담을 통해 얻어진 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사들은 그들이 소속된 학교가 학교의 규모와 기반시설, 동료 교사들의 교사 문화, 학생의 역량 면에서 과학 수업을 변화시킬 수 있는 요소들을 갖추고 있다고 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 다양한 수업 방식을 시도하는 교사의 열정과 ICT 기반 시설에 적응한 학생들이 갖춘 역량이 시너지를 일으켜 선순환의 고리를 형성하면서, 교사들이 새로운 수업을 시도할 수 있는 진입장벽이 낮아지고 지속적인 도전을 지원하는 학교 문화가 생성되었다. 셋째, 과학 수업은 활동 중심으로 변화하였고, 교사들은 이러한 변화가 학생들의 자기 주도적 학습을 촉진한다고 인식하고 있었다. 넷째, 교사들은 스스로 교과 교육과정 운영에 있어서 주체적인 역할을 수행하고 있다고 인식하였고, 이 인식은 더 다양한 시도를 촉진하였다. 이러한 학교의 학습 환경과 제도의 변화, 자생적 교사 학습 공동체와 같은 도전과 혁신을 공유하는 문화의 형성을 통해 교사들은 교육과정을 재구성하고 수업을 변화시키는 실천을 지속적으로 시도하고 있었다. 이처럼 학교의 변화는 교사, 학생, 기반 시설의 상호작용 맥락 속에서 이해될 필요가 있다. 이러한 변화의 요소들 사이에서 형성된 상승적 상호작용 속에서 변화의 핵심 주체인 교사의 도전과 실천이 지속될 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, we investigated how science teachers perceive the changes in school systems, including infrastructure and curriculum, in the context of preparing for future education. And the changes in their perception of the educational environment, the challenges, and changes of science teachers' classroom practices were also explored. In-depth interviews and analysis were conducted with two science teachers in a middle school that is trying to innovative on changes compared with general schools. The results of the study are as follows: First, teachers perceived that their schools had factors that could change the science class in terms of school size and infrastructure, peer teacher culture, and students' abilities. Second, the enthusiasm of teachers who are trying various ways of teaching and the students' ability to adapt in a smart learning environment formed a synergistic circle that lowered entry barriers to trying changes. Third, science classes changed to activity-centered classes, and teachers realized that these changes promoted students' self-directed learning. Fourth, teachers perceived themselves as playing an independent role in curriculum management, and this perception promoted more varied attempts in improving their classes. Through the changes of the learning environment and systems of the school and the formation of a culture that shares their challenges and innovations with the voluntary learning community, teachers constantly try to change their classes and schools. The changes of school need to be understood in the context of the interaction of teachers, students, and infrastructure.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. 고경력 초등 교사의 생애사를 통해 본 과학 수업의 변화 vol.41, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2021.41.3.251