Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회지)

The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Processing Methods of Corn and their Thickness on in situ Dry Matter Degradability and in vitro Methane Production

옥수수 가공방법 및 두께가 in situ 건물 분해율과 in vitro 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Do Hyung (Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College) ;
  • Lee, Chang Hyun (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Woo, Yang Won (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Rajaraman, Bharanidharan (Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Nam (Dept. of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture & Fisheries) ;
  • Cho, Kwang Hyeon (Dept. of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture & Fisheries) ;
  • Jang, Sun Sik (Hanwoo Research institute, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung Hoon (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University)
  • 김도형 (경북도립대학교 축산과) ;
  • 이창현 (건국대학교 동물자원과학과) ;
  • 우양원 (서울대학교 국제농업기술대학원) ;
  • ;
  • 김종남 (국립한국농수산대학 대가축학과) ;
  • 조광현 (국립한국농수산대학 대가축학과) ;
  • 장선식 (국립축산과학원 한우연구소) ;
  • 김경훈 (서울대학교 국제농업기술대학원)
  • Received : 2017.09.19
  • Accepted : 2017.11.12
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted with two ruminally cannulated Holstein steers to examine the effect of micronized and steam flaked corn on ruminal fermentation characteristics. The in situ dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corn treatments. The steam flacked corn (3.3 mm thickness) was degraded lower (P<0.05) than the 2.9 and 3.1 mm thickness of steam flacked corn. Effective dry matter degradability and the rate of constant were the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns as well. The in vitro dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was tended to higher (P=0.088) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) than steam flaked corns, whereas there is no significantly difference between steam flaked corn treatments. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) than micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) and steam flaked corn (3.1 and 3.3 mm thickness). The acetate : propionate ratio was the highest (P=0.008) at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) and the lowest (P=0.008) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness). Total gas and methane production after 48h ruminal incubation was the highest (P=0.001) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns. According to these results, the thickness of steam flaked corn as resulted corn processing is believed to do not affect methane production. However, further study is needed to better understand the present results to verify the correlation between corn processing method and their thickness on methane production using the same thickness corns by difference processing methods.

본 연구에서는 옥수수의 가공방법 및 옥수수의 두께의 차이가 반추위 in situ 소화율 및 in vitro 반추위 발효와 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 실시하였다. Micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구는 다른 처리구들에 비하여 in situ 48시간 건물 분해율이 모든 배양시간대에서 높게(P<0.05) 나타났다. 반면, steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구는 모든 배양시간대에서 가장 낮은(P<0.05) in situ 건물 분해율을 보였다. 반추위 내에서 미생물에 의해 분해되는 b fraction은 이와 상반되는 결과인 steam flaked corn(3.1 mm thickness)과 steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 높게(P<0.05) 나타났다. b fraction이 반추위를 통과하는 속도인 건물 분해상수 k값은 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 (P<0.05) 나타났고 steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게 (P<0.05) 나타났다. 반추위내 시간당 통과속도를 0.05로 적용한 유효 건물 분해도는 건물 분해상수와 유사하게 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 (P<0.05), steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게(P<0.05) 나타났다. In vitro 반추위 48시간 건물 소실율은 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높은 경향을(P=0.088) 보인 반면 steam flaked corn 처리구들 사이에서는 두께에 따른 건물 소실율의 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 총 가스발생량 및 메탄 발생량에 있어서도 건물 소실율과 같은 결과인 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(P=0.001), 총 휘발성지방산은 steam flaked corn(2.9 mm thickness)의 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으나(P=0.015) 나머지 처리구들에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. aectate: propionate의 비율 또한 steam flaked corn(2.9 mm thickness)의 처리구에서 가장 높게, micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다(P=0.008). 본 연구의 결과를 종합하면 steam flaked corn 처리구들에서 in vitro 휘발성지방산 농도에 있어 in situ 반추위내 건물 분해상수와 유효 건물 분해도의 결과와 비교하여 상관관계가 나타나지 않은 결과로 유추해 보면 옥수수 가공방법에 의한 두께의 차이는 반추위 메탄 발생량에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, M.J. and Obadiah, Y.E. 1984. Comparison of whole cotton, extruded soybeans, or whole sunflower seeds for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 67:569-573. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81340-5
  2. Bowman, J.G.P. and Firkins, J.L. 1993. Effects of forage species and particle size on bacterial cellulolytic activity and colonization in situ. Journal of Animal Science. 71:1623-1633. https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7161623x
  3. Chaney, A.L. and Marbach, E.P. 1962. Modified reagent for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry. 8:130-132.
  4. Erwin, E.S., Marco, G.J. and Emery, E.M. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science. 44:1768-1771. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
  5. Fodorah, P.M. and Hrudey, S.E. 1983. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environmental Technology Letters. 4:425-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338309384228
  6. Kim, N.S., Ha, J.K., Ko, Y.G., Kim, H.D., Kim, W.Y. and Kwak, B.O. 1996. Effects of corn processing methods on the nutrient utilization II. Effects of processed corn on ruminal degradability of starch and lower gut disappearance rates of dry matter and crude protein in Holstein dairy cows. Korean Journal of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs. 20:360-370.
  7. Kim, S.H., Mamuad, L.L., Jeong, C.D., Choi, Y.J., Lee, S.S., Ko, J.Y. and Lee, S.S. 2013. In vitro evaluation of different feeds for their potential to generate methane and change methanogen diversity. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 26:1698-1707. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13260
  8. Kim, Y.K. 1991. The processing and usage of grain. Korean Journal of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs. 1991:188-203.
  9. Kim, Y.K. and Owens, F.N. 1985. Starch digestion by feedlot cattle. Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta. Mp 117:298.
  10. Lee, S.M., Kang, T.W., Lee, S.J., Ok, J.U., Moon, Y.H. and Lee, S.S. 2006. Studies on in situ and in vitro degradabilities, microbial growth and gas production of rice, barley and corn. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 48:699-708. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2006.48.5.699
  11. Marquadt, D.W. 1963. An algorithm for least squares estimation of nolinear parameters. Journal of the Society for Industial and Applied mathematics. 11:431-441. https://doi.org/10.1137/0111030
  12. Moss, A.R., Jouany, J.P. and Newbold, J. 2000. Methane production by ruminants: Its contribution to global warming. Ann. Zootech. 49:231-253. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2000119
  13. Orskov, E.R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 92:499-503. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063048
  14. Owens, F. 2005. Corn grain processing and digestion. Presented at the 66th Minnesota Nutrition Conf., St. Paul, MN. Sep. 20-21, 2005. http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/articles-proc-storage-quality/2005-Owens%20(MNC)%20Corn%20genetics.pdf.
  15. Owens, F.N., Secrist, D.S., Hill, W.J. and Gill, D.R. 1997. The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: A review. Journal of Animal Science. 75:868-879. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.753868x
  16. SAS. 1988. User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Instute Inc., Cary, NC.
  17. Song, M.K. and Kennelly, J.J. 1996. Evaluation of ruminal degradability and hind-gut digestibility of micronized feeds. Korean Journal of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs. 20:428-436.
  18. Thonroy, B.R. and Perry, T.W. 1974. In vitro digestion of raw, roasted and pressure-flaked corn. Journal of Dairy Science. 57:1058-1511.
  19. Weimer, P.J., Stevenson, D.M., Mertens, D.R. and Hall, M.B. 2011. Fiber digestion, VFA production, and microbial population changes during in vitro ruminal fermentations of mixed rations by monensin-adapted and unadapted microbes. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 169:68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.06.002
  20. Zinn, R.A., Adam, C.F. and Tamayo, M.S. 1995. Interaction of feed intake level on comparative ruminal and total tract digestion of dry-rolled and steam-flaked corn. Journal of Animal Science. 73:1239-1245. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.7351239x