Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A novel approach to damage localisation based on bispectral analysis and neural network

  • Civera, M. (Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical engineering, Politecnico di Torino) ;
  • Fragonara, L. Zanotti (School of Aerospace, Transportation and Manufacturing, Cranfield University) ;
  • Surace, C. (Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical engineering, Politecnico di Torino)
  • Received : 2017.04.05
  • Accepted : 2017.10.06
  • Published : 2017.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The normalised version of bispectrum, the so-called bicoherence, has often proved a reliable method of damage detection on engineering applications. Indeed, higher-order spectral analysis (HOSA) has the advantage of being able to detect non-linearity in the structural dynamic response while being insensitive to ambient vibrations. Skewness in the response may be easily spotted and related to damage conditions, as the majority of common faults and cracks shows bilinear effects. The present study tries to extend the application of HOSA to damage localisation, resorting to a neural network based classification algorithm. In order to validate the approach, a non-linear finite element model of a 4-meters-long cantilever beam has been built. This model could be seen as a first generic concept of more complex structural systems, such as aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, etc. The main aim of the study is to train a Neural Network (NN) able to classify different damage locations, when fed with bispectra. These are computed using the dynamic response of the FE nonlinear model to random noise excitation.

Keywords

References

  1. Akan, A. and Unsal Artan, R.B. (2003), "Time-varying bispectral analysis of nonstationary signals", Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, ISSPA 2003 (Vol. 1, 569-572), IEEE. http://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPA.2003.1224767
  2. Bathe, K.J. (2005), Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall, London.
  3. Belytschko, T., Liu, W.K., Moran, B. and Elkhodary, K. (2013), Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures (Vol. 2013), John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, UK.
  4. Boscato, G., Russo, S., Ceravolo, R. and Zanotti Fragonara, L. (2015), "Global sensitivity-based model updating for heritage structures", Comput. - Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng., 30(8), 620-635. http://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12138
  5. Bovsunovsky, A.P. and Surace, C. (2005), "Considerations regarding superharmonic vibrations of a cracked beam and the variation in damping caused by the presence of the crack", J. Sound Vib., 288(4-5), 865-886. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.01.038
  6. Bovsunovsky, A.P., Surace, C. and Bovsunovsky, O.A., (2006), "The effect of damping and force application point on the non-linear dynamic behavior of a cracked beam at sub- and superresonance vibrations",Strength of Materials, 38(5), 492-497. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-006-0068-8
  7. Bovsunovsky, A. and Surace, C. (2015), "Non-linearities in the vibrations of elastic structures with a closing crack: A state of the art review", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.01.021
  8. Brillinger, D.R. and Rosenblatt, M., (1967), "Asymptotic theory of estimates of kth-order spectra", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 57(2), 206-210. Retrieved fromhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=335489&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.57.2.206
  9. Chandrashekhara, K. and Bangera, K.M. (1993), "Linear and geometrically non-linear analysis of composite beams under transverse loading", Compos. Sci. Technol., 47(4), 339-347. http://doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(93)90003-Y
  10. Chati, M., Rand, R. and Mukherjee, S. (1997), "Modal analysis of a vracked neam", J. Sound Vib., 207(2), 249-270. http://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1099
  11. Chen, J., Hagiwara, I., Su, X. and Shi, Q. (2002), "A bispectrum feature extraction enhanced structure damage detection approach", Int. J. Series C - JSME, 45(1), 121-126. http://doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.45.121
  12. Chondros, T.G., Dimarogonas, A.D. and Yao, J. (1998), "Longitudinal vibration of a bar with a breathing crack", Eng. Fract. Mech., 61(5-6), 503-518. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(98)00077-0
  13. Ciang, C.C., Lee, J.R. and Bang, H.J. (2008), "Structural health monitoring for a wind turbine system: a review of damage detection methods", Meas. Sci. Technol., 19(12), 122001. http://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/19/12/122001
  14. Civera, M., Surace, C. and Worden, K. (2017), "Detection of cracks in beams using treed Gaussian processes", Structural Health Monitoring &Damage Detection, Vol. 7. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanical Series, 85-97. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54109-9_10
  15. Civera, M., Zanotti Fragonara, L. and Surace, C. (2016), "Using bispectral analysis and neural networks to localise cracks in beam-like Structures", Proceedings of the 8th European Workshop On Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2016), 5-8 July 2016, Spain, Bilbao, Bilbao. Retrieved from http://www.ndt.net/events/EWSHM2016/app/content/Paper/68_Civera.pdf
  16. Collis, W.B., White, P.R. and Hammond, J.K. (1998), "Higher-Order Spectra: the Bispectrum and Trispectrum", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 12(3), 375-394. http://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1997.0145
  17. Fackrell, J. (1995), "The interpretation of the bispectra of vibration signals II. Experimental results and applications", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 9(3), 267-274. http://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1994.0022
  18. Farrar, C.R. and Worden, K. (2007), "An introduction to structural health monitoring", Philos. T. Series A, Math. Phys., Eng. Sci., 365(1851), 303-315. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1928
  19. Gerstle, W.H., Martha, L.F and Ingraffea, A.R. (1987), "Finite and boundary element modeling of crack propagation in two and three dimensions", Eng. Comput., 2(3), 167-183. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01201264
  20. Greb, U. and Rusbridge, M.G. (2000), "The interpretation of the bispectrum and bicoherence for non-linear interactions of continuous spectra", Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 30(5), 537-549. http://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/30/5/005
  21. Hillis, A.J. and Courtney, C.R.P. (2011), "Structural health monitoring of fixed offshore structures using the bicoherence function of ambient vibration measurements", J. Sound Vib., 330(6), 1141-1152. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.09.019
  22. Hillis, A.J., Neild, S.A., Drinkwater, B.W. and Wilcox, P.D. (2006), "Global crack detection using bispectral analysis", Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences,462(2069), 1515-1530. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1620
  23. Hornik, K., Stinchcombe, M. and White, H. (1989), "Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators", Neural Networks, 2(5), 359-366. http://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(89)90020-8
  24. Kicinski, W. and Szczepanski, A. (2004), "Quadratic phase coupling phenomenon and its properties", Hydroacoustics, 7, 97-106.
  25. Kim, J.T. and Stubbs, N. (2002), "Improved damage identification method based on modal information", J. Sound Vib., 252(2), 223-238. http://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.3749
  26. Kim, Y.C. and Powers, E.J. (1978), "Digital bispectral analysis of self-excited fluctuation spectra", Phys. Fluids, 21(1978), 1452. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.862365
  27. Kisa, M. and Gurel, M.A. (2006), "Modal analysis of multi-cracked beams with circular cross section", Eng. Fract. Mech., 73(8), 963-977. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech. 2006.01.002
  28. Macneal, R.H. and Harder, R.L. (1985), "A proposed standard set of problems to test finite element accuracy", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 1(1), 3-20. http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-874X(85)90003-4
  29. Martha, L.F., Wawrzynek, P.A. and Ingraffea, A.R. (1993), "Arbitrary crack representation using solid modeling", Eng. Comput., 9(2), 63-82. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01199046
  30. Michel, C., Hans, S., Gueguen, P. and Boutin, C., (2007), "In situ experiment and modelling of RC-structure using ambient vibration and timoshenko beam", Proceedings of the 1st European Conference of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (ECEES) - 1st European Conference of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (ECEES), Geneva, Switzerland.
  31. Niakis, C.L. and Raghuveer, M.R. (1987), "Bispectrum estimation: a digital signal processing framework", Proc. IEEE, 75, 869-891. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1987.13824
  32. Nikias, C.L. and Mendel, J.M. (1993), "Signal processing with higher-order spectra", IEEE Signal Proc. Mag., 10(3), 10-37. http://doi.org/10.1109/79.221324
  33. Pugno, N., Surace, C. and Ruotolo, R. (2000), "Evaluation of the non-linear dynamic response to harmonic excitation of a beam with several breathing cracks", J. Sound Vib,, 235(5), 749-762.http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.2980
  34. Rao, T.S. and Gabr, M.M. (1984), An Introduction to Bispectral Analysis and Bilinear Time Series Models (Vol. 24), Springer US, New York, NY. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6318-7
  35. Roy, T., Kumar, A. and Bahl, R. (2002), "Detection of quadratic phase coupling in shallow underwater channel", OCEANS'02 MTS/IEEE, 4, 2180-2186. http://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191968
  36. Ruotolo, R., Surace, C., Crespo, P. and Storer, D., (1996), "Harmonic analysis of the vibrations of a cantilevered beam with a closing crack", Comput. Struct., 61(6), 1057-1074. http://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(96)00184-8
  37. Salawu, O.S. (1997), "Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency: a review", Eng. Struct., 19(9), 718-723. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00149-6
  38. Sundermeyer, J.N. and Weaver, R.L. (1995), "On crack identification and characterization in a beam by non-linear vibration analysis", J. Sound Vib., 183(5), 857-871. http://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1995.0290
  39. Surace, C., Ruotolo, R. and Storer, D. (2011), "Detecting nonlinear behaviour using the Volterra series to assess damage in beam-like structures", J. Theor. Appl. Mech., 49(3), 905-926. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ptmts.org.pl/jtam/index.php/jtam/article/view/v49n3p905
  40. Swami, A. and Mendel, J. (1988), "Adaptive cumulant-based estimation of ARMA parameters", Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2114-2119. Retrieved fromhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4790073&isnumber=4789672
  41. Xiang, Y. and Tso, S.K. (2002), "Detection and classification of flaws in concrete structure using bispectra and neural networks", NDT &E Int., 35(1), 19-27. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(01)00018-4

Cited by

  1. An Experimental Validation of Phase-Based Motion Magnification for Structures with Developing Cracks and Time-Varying Configurations vol.2021, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518163