Acta Via Serica

Academia Via Serica (계명대학교 실크로드연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

ELLAC AND ILEK: WHAT DOES THE STUDY OF AN ANCIENT TURKIC TITLE IN EURASIA CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISCUSSION OF KHAZAR ANCESTRY?

  • Published : 2017.12.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Several theories about the ancestry of the Khazars and the origins of the Khazar state have been suggested to date. None of them provides a comprehensive solution for the controversial data of the written sources on the early history of the Khazars. This article investigates a possible link between the title of Kagan-Bek of the Deputy Kagan of the Khazars and a similar title Ellac/Ilek of the Akatsir-Huns. This study of the title argues for statehood and political culture connections between the earliest Turkic tribes of Western Eurasia and the Khazars and Turks of Central Asia.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Akhbari, Ahmad b. Abi Ya'kub b. Ja'far b. Wahb al-Katib al-ma'ruf bi-bni Wadih. 1939. Tarih Al-Ya'kubi. 3 vols. an-Najaf: Matba'at al-Ghazi.
  2. Al-Istakhri, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-Farisi (al-ma'ruf bi al-Karkhi). 1961. Al-Masalik Wa Al-Mamalik. al-Kahira: Wizarat as-saqafa wa al-irshad al-qaumi.
  3. Anonim, Ravennskiy. 1999. "Severo-Vostochnaya Evropa v "Kosmografii" Ravennskogo Anonima," Translated by V.A. Podosinov. In Vostochnaya Evropa v Istoricheskoy Retroperspektive. K 80-letiyu V.T. Pashuto, Edited by T.N. Jackson, and E.A. Melnikova. Moskva: Yazyk russkoy kultury, 227-237. http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus14/Ravenn_geogr/text.phtml?id=1167
  4. Artamonov, M.I. 1962 (repr. 2002). Istoriya Khazar. Leningrad: Ermitaj.
  5. Balasagunskiy, Yusuf. 1983. Blagodatnoye Znaniye. Perevod S.N. Ivanova. Moscow: Nauka, Literaturniye Pamyatniki.
  6. Bartold, V.V. 1964. "Bogra-khan." In V.V. Bartold, Sochineniya, edited by B.G. Gafurov, 506-508. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura.
  7. Bartold, V.V. 1964. "Ilek-khany." In V.V. Bartold. Sochineniya, edited by B.G. Gafurov, 519-520. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura.
  8. Bartold, V.V. 1963. "Ocherk istorii Semirechya." In V.V. Bartold. Sochineniya, edited by B.G. Gafurov, 23-108. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura.
  9. Bartold, V.V. 1968. "Bogra-khan, Upomyanutiy v Kutadgu Bilik." In V.V. Bartold. Sochineniya, edited by A.N. Kononov, 419-24. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaya Redaksiya Vostochnoy Literatury.
  10. Bayhaki, Abu-l-Fadl. 1969. Istoriya Masuda (1030-1041). Perevod s Persidskogo, Vvedeniye, Kommentariy i Prilozhenniya A.K. Arendsa, Izdaniye 2-oye, dopolnennoye. Pamyatniki Pismennosti Vostoka. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoy Literatury.
  11. Biran, Michal. "Ilak-Khanids." In Encyclopaedia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ilak-khanids.
  12. Drevne-Tyurkskiy Slovar. 1969. Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoye otdeleniye.
  13. Dunlop D.M. 1954. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  14. Gadlo, A.V. 1979. Etnicheskaya Istoriya Severnogo Kavkaza IV-X vv. Leningrad: Izdatelstvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
  15. Golden, P. B. 1975. "The Q'azaro-Hungarian Title/Personal Name كلي ." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 1: 37-45.
  16. Golden, P. B. 1990. "Khazars." In The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition, 1172-73. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  17. Golden, P. B. 1992. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.
  18. Golden, P. B. 2011. Central Asia in World History. New York: Oxford University Press.
  19. Golden, P. B. 1980. Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akadaemiai Kiadao.
  20. Golden, P. B. 2012. "Oq and Ogur-Oguz." Turkic Languages 16: 155-99.
  21. Golden, P. B. 2007. "Khazar Studies: Achievements and Perspectives." In The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium Hosted by the Ben Zvi Institute., edited by Peter B. Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and Andras Rona-Tas, 7-57. Leiden: Brill.
  22. Gumilev, L.N. Istorya Naroda Khunnu, http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/HPH/index.html.
  23. Henning, W.B. 1952. "A Farewell to the Khaqan of Aq-Aqataran." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies XIV: 501-22.
  24. Iordan. 1997. "O Proisxozhdenii I Deyaniyakh Gotov." Perevod E.Ch. Skrzhinskaya, Saint Petersburg: Aleteya, http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus/Iordan/text1.phtml?id=576
  25. Irmukhanov, B.B. 2003. Khazary i Kazakhi: Svyaz Vremen i Narodov. Almaty: Nash Mir.
  26. Jafavov, Y.R. 1985. Gunny i Azerbaycan. Baku: Elm.
  27. Jordanes. 1915. The Origins and Deeds of the Goths. Princeton: Princeton University Press. http://people.ucalgary.ca/-vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#huns.
  28. Klyashtorny, S.G. 2005. "Aziatskiy Aspekt Ranney Istorii Khazar." In Evrei I Slavyane, edited by V. Moskovich, Moscow: Mosty Kultury/Gesharim.
  29. Klyashtorny, S.G. 2007. "Kipchaki, Komany i Polovtsi." In Vostochnaya Evropa v Drevnosti i Srednevekovye: Politicheskiye Instituti i Verkhovnaya Vlast. Materiali Konferentsii "XIX Chteniya Pamyati Chlena-Korrespondenta Akademiii Nauk SSSR Vladimira Pashuto," Moskva, 16-18 Aprelya 2007. Moscow: Rossiyskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Vseobshey Istorii.
  30. Klyashtorny, S.G. 2005. "Khazarskiye Zametki." Turkologicheskiy Sbornik, 2003-2004, Moscow: 95-117.
  31. Klyashtorny, S.G. 1994. "The Royal Clan of the Turks and the Problem of Early Turkic-Iranian Contacts." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47, no. 3: 445-47.
  32. Klyashtorny, S.G. 2010. Runicheskiye Pamyatniki Uygurskogo Kaganata i Istoriya Evraziyskikh Stepey. Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoye Vostokovedeniye.
  33. Klyashtorny, S.G, and T.I. Sultanov. 2009. Gosudarstva Evraziyskikh Narodov: Ot Drevnosti k Novomu Vremeni. Saint Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskiy Tsentr Vostokovednikh Issledovaniy.
  34. Klyashtorny, S.G, and T.I. Sultanov. 2004. Gosudarstva i Narody Evraziyskikh Stepey: Drevnost i Srednevekovye, Vtoroye Izdaniye, Ispravlennoye I Dopolnennoye. Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoye Vostokovedeniye.
  35. Maenchen-Helfen, Otto. 1973. The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  36. Marquart, J. 1903. Osteuropeaische Und Ostasiatische Streifzeuge; Ethnologische Und Historisch-Topographische Studien Zur Geschichte Des 9. Und 10. Jahrhunderts (Ca. 840-940). Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  37. Minorsky, Vladimir, and Ahmad ibn Lutf Allah Munajjim Bashi. 1958. A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. Cambridge: Heffer.
  38. Mousavi, S.A. 1998. The Hazaras of Afghanistan: An Historical, Cultural, Economic and Political Study. Richmond: Curzon.
  39. Novoseltsev, A.P. 1990. Khazarskoye Gosudarstvo i Yego Rol v Istorii Vostochnoy Evropy i Kavkaza. Moscow: Nauka.
  40. Polkanov, Y.A., and A. Y. Polkanova. "Karai. Simvolika Tsveta." Gazeta Kyrymkaraylar, http://karai.crimea.ua/314-karai.-simvolika-cveta..html
  41. Prisk, Paniyskiy. 1860. "Skazaniya Priska Paniyskogo. Perevod S. Destunisa." Ucheniye Zapiski Vtorogo Onteleniya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 8, no. Published electronically 2011. http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus/Prisc/frametext21.htm.
  42. Pritsak, Omeljan. 1982. "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan." Harvard Ukrainian Studies VI, no. 4: 428-76.
  43. Romashov, S.A. 2001. "Istoricheskaya Geografiya Khazarskogo Kaganata. Chapter 1-2." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 11: 219-338.
  44. Sarabi, Humayun. 2006. "Politics and Modern History of Khazara: Sectarian Politics of Afghanistan." Medford, MA: Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts Univeristy.
  45. Shirota, Shun. 2005. "The Chinese Chroniclers of the Khazars: Notes on Khazaria in Tang Period Texts." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 14: 231-61.
  46. Togan, Zaki Validi. 1939. "Appendix 'Rihlat Ibn Fadlan': Arabic Text of Meshhed Manuscript Copied, Compared with the Text by Yakut Al-Hamavi and Published by Zaki Validi Togan." In Ibn Fadlan's Reisebericht. Abhandlungen Feur Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes,1-45. Leipzig: F.A.Brockhaus.