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Occurrence according to Resource Utilization Characteristics of Higher Fungi in Naejangsan National Park

내장산 국립공원 고등균류의 자원이용적 특성에 따른 발생

  • Kim, Chong-Young (Institute for Agricultural Practice Education, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jang, Seog-Ki (Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science and Natural Resource, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Suk (Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science and Natural Resource, Wonkwang University)
  • 김종영 (전남대학교 농업실습교육원) ;
  • 장석기 (원광대학교 산림조경학과) ;
  • 김미숙 (원광대학교 산림조경학과)
  • Received : 2017.04.11
  • Accepted : 2017.11.09
  • Published : 2017.12.01

Abstract

In a survey on higher fungi from 2004 to 2011, and also in 2013, in Naejangsan National Park, a total of 2 divisions, 7 classes, 21 orders, 74 families, 229 genera, and 521 species were observed. Dominant species belonged to the families Boletaceae and Russulaceae (44 species), Agaricaceae (35 species), Polyporaceae (29 species), and Amanitaceae (27 species). For the habitat environment, 21 families, 44 genera, and 192 species (36.9%) (63 species of poisonous mushroom, 79 species of edible and medicinal mushroom, and 43 species of unknown edible & poisonous mushroom) of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms were found; 41 families, 118 genera, and 199 species (38.2%) (14 species of poisonous mushroom, 85 species of edible & medicinal mushroom, and 90 species of unknown edible and poisonous mushroom) of litter decomposing and wood rotting fungi were found, and 29 families, 66 genera, and 121 species (23.2%) (8 species of poisonous mushroom, 54 species of edible and medicinal mushroom, and 47 species of unknown edible & poisonous mushroom) of grounding fungi were found, and 9 species were the other habitat. In terms of seasonality, most of the higher fungi were found in July, August, and September. In terms of altitude, the most species were observed at 200~299 m, and populations dropped by a significant level at an altitude of 700 m or higher. It seemed that the most diversified higher fungi occurred at climate conditions with a mean air temperature of $25.0{\sim}28.9^{\circ}C$, a maximum air temperature of $30.0{\sim}33.9^{\circ}C$, a minimum air temperature of $21.0{\sim}24.9^{\circ}C$, a relative humidity of 73.0~79.9%, and over 400.0 mm of rainfall.

내장산 국립공원을 2004년~2011년 및 2013년까지 고등균류를 조사한 결과, 총 2문 7강 21목 74과 229속521종이 조사되었으며, 이중 주름버섯목(Agaricales) 24과 99속260종, 그물버섯목(Boletales) 10과 30속 59종, 무당버섯목(Russulales) 5과 8속 53종 및 구멍장이버섯목(Polyporales) 5과 33속48종 등 4목이 전체 종수의 80.6%(420종)를 차지하고 있었다. 가장 많은 종이 포함된 분류군은 그물버섯과와 무당버섯과로 44종이었으며, 주름버섯과(35종), 구멍장이버섯과(29종) 및 광대버섯과(27종)의 순으로 출현 종의 수가 많았다. 이를 다시 서식환경별로 세분해 보면, 외생균근성버섯은 21과 44속192종(36.9%)이 분류되었는데 이중 독성 버섯 63종, 식 약용 버섯 79종, 식 독 불명 버섯 43종이었고, 목재 및 낙엽부후균은 41과 118속 199종(38.2%)으로 이중 독성 버섯 14종, 식 약용 버섯 85종, 식 독 불명 버섯 90종이었으며, 지상균은 29과 66속121종(23.2%)으로 독성 버섯 8종, 식 약용 버섯 54종, 식 독 불명 버섯 47종 등으로 각각 조사되었다. 9종은 위의 그룹에 해당되지 않는 서식처를 갖고 있었다. 대부분의 독성 버섯, 식 약용 버섯 및 식 독 불명 버섯은 7월~9월 사이에 집중하였고, 해발고도에서는 200~299 m인 지역에서 발생이 매우 높았으며 700 m이상 지역에서는 발생이 현저하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 기후환경 요인별에서는 평균기온 $25.0{\sim}28.9^{\circ}C$(최고기온 $30.0{\sim}33.9^{\circ}C$, 최저기온 $21.0{\sim}24.9^{\circ}C$), 상대습도 73.0~80.9% 및 강수량 400.0 mm 이상일 때 대부분의 버섯류의 발생이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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