DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Spain: Taxonomy and In Vitro Fungicide Response

  • Galvez, Laura (Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid) ;
  • Gil-Serna, Jessica (Department of Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid) ;
  • Garcia, Marta (Department of Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid) ;
  • Iglesias, Concepcion (Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid) ;
  • Palmero, Daniel (Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid)
  • 투고 : 2016.03.16
  • 심사 : 2016.04.28
  • 발행 : 2016.10.01

초록

The most serious aerial disease of garlic is leaf blight caused by Stemphylium spp. Geographical variation in the causal agent of this disease is indicated. Stemphylium vesicarium has been reported in Spain, whereas S. solani is the most prevalent species recorded in China. In this study, Stemphylium isolates were obtained from symptomatic garlic plants sampled from the main Spanish production areas. Sequence data for the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region enabled assignation of the isolates to the Pleospora herbarum complex and clearly distinguished the isolates from S. solani. Conidial morphology of the isolates corresponded to that of S. vesicarium and clearly discriminated them from S. alfalfae and S. herbarum on the basis of the size and septation pattern of mature conidia. Conidial morphology as well as conidial length, width and length:width ratio also allowed the Spanish isolates to be distinguished from S. botryosum and S. herbarum. Control of leaf blight of garlic is not well established. Few studies are available regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatments to reduce Stemphylium spp. incidence on garlic. The effectiveness of nine fungicides of different chemical groups to reduce Stemphylium mycelial growth in vitro was tested. Boscalid + pyraclostrobin (group name, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors + quinone outside inhibitors), iprodione (dicar-boximide), and prochloraz (demethylation inhibitors) were highly effective at reducing mycelial growth in S. vesicarium with $EC_{50}$ values less than 5 ppm. In general, the effectiveness of the fungicide was enhanced with increasing dosage.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alberoni, G., Cavallini, D., Collina, M. and Brunelli, A. 2010. Characterization of the first Stemphylium vesicarium isolates resistant to strobilurins in italian pear orchards. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126:453-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-009-9559-3
  2. Alberoni, G., Collina, M., Cavallini, D. and Brunelli, A. 2008. Stemphylium vesicarium resistance to fungicides on pear in Italy. In: Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds V, eds. by H. W. Dehne, H. B. Deising, U. Gisi, K. H. Kuck, P. E. Russell and H. Lyr, pp. 167-172. 15th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium, May 6-10, 2007, Friedrichroda, Germany.
  3. Alberoni, G., Collina, M., Pancaldi, D. and Brunelli, A. 2005. Resistance to dicarboximide fungicides in Stemphylium vesicarium of italian pear orchards. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 113: 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-2332-3
  4. Aveling, T. A. S. and Naude, S. P. 1992. First report of Alternaria porri on garlic in South Africa. Plant Dis. 76:643.
  5. Aveling, T. A. S., Snyman, H. G. and Naude, S. P. 1993. Evaluation of seed treatments for reducing Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium on onion seed. Plant Dis. 77:1009-1011. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-77-1009
  6. Avenot, H. F. and Michailides, T. J. 2007. Resistance to boscalid fungicide in Alternaria alternata isolates from pistachio in California. Plant Dis. 91:1345-1350. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1345
  7. Basallote, M. J., Prados, A. M., Pegrez de Algaba, A. and Melero, J. M. 1993. First report in spain of two leaf spots of garlic caused by Stemphylium vesicarium. Plant Dis. 77:952.
  8. Basallote-Ureba, M. J., Prados-Ligero, A. M. and Melero-Vara, J. M. 1999. Aetiology of leaf spot on garlic and onion caused by Stemphylium vesicarium in Spain. Plant Pathol. 48:139-145. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00313.x
  9. Basallote-Ureba, M. J., Prados, A. M. and Melero-Vara, J. M. 1998. Effectiveness of tebuconazole and procymidone in the control of Stemphylium leaf spots in garlic. Crop Prot. 17:491-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00046-5
  10. Basallote, M. J., Prados, A. M. and Melero, J. M. 2004. Las manchas foliares del ajo causadas por Stemphylium vesicarium en Andalucia. Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, Spain. 70 pp.
  11. Dugan, F. M., Hellier, B. C. and Lupien, S. L. 2007. Pathogenic fungi in garlic seed cloves from the United States and China, and efficacy of fungicides against pathogens in garlic germplasm in Washington state. J. Phytopathol. 155:437-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01255.x
  12. Falloon, P. G., Falloon, L. M. and Grogan, R. G. 1987. Etiology and epidemiology of Stemphylium leaf spot and purple spot of asparagus in California. Phytopathology 77:407-413. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-77-407
  13. [FAOSTAT] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division (2014 onwards). Production/Crops. URL http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E [18 November 2015].
  14. [FRAC] Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (2016 onwards). FRAC Code List 2016: Fungicides sorted by mode of action. URL http://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/frac-code-list/frac-code-list-2016.pdf?sfvrsn=2 [4 July 2016].
  15. Gisi, U., Chin, K. M., Knapova, G., Farber, R. K., Mohr, U., Parisi, S., Sierotzki, H. and Steinfeld, U. 2000. Recent developments in elucidating modes of resistance to phenylamide, DMI and strobilurin fungicides. Crop Prot. 19:863-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00114-9
  16. Grinstein, A., Frankel, H., Austerweil, M. and Kritzman, G. 1988. Air-assisted placement spraying for Stemphylium control in seed onions. Crop Prot. 7:356-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(88)90002-6
  17. Henry, T., Iwen, P. C. and Hinrichs, S. H. 2000. Identification of Aspergillus species using internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:1510-1515.
  18. Hosen, M. I., Ahmed, A. U., Zaman, J., Ghosh, S. and Hossain, K. M. K. 2009. Cultural and physiological variation between isolates of Stemphylium botryosum the causal of Stemphylium blight disease of lentil (Lens culinaris). World J. Agric. Sci. 5:94-98.
  19. Inderbitzin, P., Mehta, Y. R. and Berbee, M. L. 2009. Pleospora species with Stemphylium anamorphs: a four locus phylogeny resolves new lineages yet does not distinguish among species in the Pleospora herbarum clade. Mycologia 101:329-339. https://doi.org/10.3852/08-071
  20. Johnson, D. A. 1990. Effect of crop debris management on severity of Stemphylium purple spot of asparagus. Plant Dis. 74:413-415. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-74-0413
  21. Koike, S. T., O'Neill, N., Wolf, J., Van Berkum, P. and Daugovish, O. 2013. Stemphylium leaf spot of parsley in California caused by Stemphylium vesicarium. Plant Dis. 97:315-322. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-12-0611-RE
  22. Lamprecht, S. C., Baxter, A. and Thompson, A. H. 1984. Stemphylium vesicarium on Medicago spp. in South Africa. Phytophylactica 16:73-75.
  23. Llorente, I. and Montesinos, E. 2006. Brown spot of pear: an emerging disease of economic importance in Europe. Plant Dis. 90:1368-1375. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-90-1368
  24. Ma, Z. and Michailides, T. J. 2005. Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance and molecular detection of resistant genotypes in phytopathogenic fungi. Crop Prot. 24:853-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.011
  25. Mentha, Y. R. 1998. Severe outbreak of Stemphylium leaf blight, a new disease of cotton in Brazil. Plant Dis. 82:333-336. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.3.333
  26. Miller, M. E., Taber, R. A. and Amador, J. M. 1978. Stemphylium blight of onion in South Texas. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:851-853.
  27. Mishra, R. K. and Gupta, R. P. 2012. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts, bio-agents and fungicides against purple blotch and Stemphylium blight of onion. J. Med. Plants Res. 6:5840-5843.
  28. Nasehi, A., Kadir, J. B., Esfahani, M. N., Mahmodi, F., Ghadirian, H., Ashtiani, F. A. and Golkhandan, E. 2013a. An outbreak of leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani on eggplant in Malaysia. Plant Dis. 97:689.2.
  29. Nasehi, A., Kadir, J. B., Esfahani, M. N., Mahmodi, F., Ghadirian, H., Ashtiani, F. A. and Soleimani, N. 2013b. Leaf spot on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Stemphylium solani, a new disease in Malaysia. Plant Dis. 97:689.3.
  30. Polat, Z., Besirli, G., Sonmez, I. and Yavuz, B. 2012. First report of Stemphylium leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) caused by Stemphylium vesicarium in Turkey. New Dis. Rep. 25:29. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.029
  31. Prados-Ligero, A. M., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. M., Melero-Vara, J. M. and Basallote-Ureba, M. J. 1998. Development of Pleospora allii on garlic debris infected by Stemphylium vesicarium. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104:861-870. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008619604684
  32. Querol, A., Barrio, E. and Ramon, D. 1992. A comparative study of different methods of yeast strain characterization. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15:439-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80219-5
  33. Raghayendra, N. N. and Pavgi, M. S. 1975. Stemphylium leaf blight of onion. Mycopathologia 56:113-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00472582
  34. Rahman, T., Ahmed, A. U., Islam, M. R. and Hosen, M. I. 2010. Physiological study and both in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against Stemphylium botryosum causing Stemphylium blight disease in lentil (Lens culinaris). Plant Pathol. J. 9:179-187. https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2010.179.187
  35. Reis, A., Boiteux, L. S. and Fonseca, M. N. 2011. Identification of solanaceous and non-solanaceous species as hosts of Stemphylium solani isolates in Brazil. Phytopathology 101:S152.
  36. Schwartz, H. F. and Mohan, S. K. 2008. Compendium of onion and garlic diseases and pests. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. 127 pp.
  37. Simmons, E. G. 1969. Perfect states of Stemphylium. Mycologia 61:1-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757341
  38. Simmons, E. G. 1985. Perfect states of Stemphylium II. Sydowia 38:284-293.
  39. Suheri, H. and Price, T. V. 2000. Stemphylium leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in Australia. Australas. Plant Pathol. 29:192-199. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP00034
  40. Vakalounakis, D. J. and Markakis, E. A. 2013. First report of Stemphylium solani as the causal agent of a leaf spot on greenhouse cucumber. Plant Dis. 97:287-288.
  41. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, eds. by M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelgard, J. J. Sninsky and T. J. White, pp. 315-322. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.
  42. Zheng, L., Huang, J. and Hsiang, T. 2008. First report of leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) caused by Stemphylium solani in China. Plant Pathol. 57:380.
  43. Zheng, L., Lv, R., Huang, J., Jiang, D., Liu, X. and Hsiang, T. 2010. Integrated control of garlic leaf blight caused by Stemphylium solani in China. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:135-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2010.484233

피인용 문헌

  1. Conidial sporulation of Stemphylium solani under laboratory conditions and infectivity of the inoculum produced in vitro vol.152, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1511-y