Coupled systems mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Implications of bi-directional interaction on seismic fragilities of structures

  • Pramanik, Debdulal (Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (erstwhile Bengal Engineering and Science University)) ;
  • Banerjee, Abhik Kumar (Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (erstwhile Bengal Engineering and Science University)) ;
  • Roy, Rana (Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (erstwhile Bengal Engineering and Science University))
  • Received : 2015.09.17
  • Accepted : 2016.05.12
  • Published : 2016.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Seismic structural fragility constitutes an important step for performance based seismic design. Lateral load-resisting structural members are often analyzed under one component base excitation, while the effect of bi-directional shaking is accounted per simplified rules. Fragility curves are constructed herein under real bi-directional excitation by a simple extension of the conventional Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) under uni-directional shaking. Simple SODF systems, parametrically adjusted to different periods, are examined under a set of near-fault and far-fault excitations. Consideration of bi-directional interaction appears important for stiff systems. Further, the study indicates that the peak ground accelertaion, velocity and displacement (PGA, PGV and PGD) of accelerogram are relatively stable and efficient intensity measures for short, medium and long period systems respectively. '30%' combination rule seems to reasonably predict the fragility under bi-directional shaking at least for first mode dominated systems dealt herein up to a limit state of damage control.

Keywords

References

  1. Alemdar, B.N. and White, D.W. (2005). "Displacement, flexibility and mixed beam- column finite element formulations for distributed plasticity analysis", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 131(12), 1811-1819. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:12(1811)
  2. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (1998), LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 2nd Ed., AASHTO, Washington, D.C.
  3. Baker, J.W. and Eerri, M. (2014). "Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis", Technical Note, Earthquake Spectra, 23(2), 471-489. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2720892
  4. Banerjee, A.K., Pramanik, D. and Roy, R. (2016). "Seismic structural fragilities: proposals for improved methodology per spectral matching of accelerogram", Eng. Struct., 111, 538-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.002
  5. Bazzurro, P., Park, J. and Tothong, P. (2006). "Multidirectional seismic excitation effects in building response estimation", Collaborative Research with USGS and AIR.
  6. Bertero, V.V. (1977). "Strength and deformation capacities of buildings under extreme environments", Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics, (Ed., K. S. Pister), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  7. Beyer, K. and Bommer, J.J. (2007). "Selection and scaling of real accelerogram directional loading: A review of current practice and code provisions", J. Earthq. Eng., 11, 13-45.
  8. Bradley, B.A. and Dhakal, R.P. (2008). "Error estimation of closed-form solution for annual rate of structural collapse", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 37(15), 1721-1737. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.833
  9. Chakroborty, S. and Roy, R. (2016). "Role of ground motion characteristics on inelastic seismic response of irregular structures", J. Architect. Eng. - ASCE, 22(1), B4015003, 1-16.
  10. Chopra, A.K. (2008). "Dynamics of Structures", Prentice Hall Private Limited, New Jersey, USA.
  11. Eads, L., Miranda, E., Krawinkler, H. and Lignos, D.G. (2013). "An efficient method for estimating the collapse risk of structures in seismic regions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 42(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2191
  12. Ebrahimian, H., Jaleyer, F., Lucchini, A. and Manfredi, G. (2015). "Preliminary ranking of alternative scalar and vector intensity measures of ground shaking", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.
  13. Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2010). "Fundamentals of earthquake engineering", John Wiley & sons Ltd, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
  14. Filippou, F.C., Popov, E.P. and Bertero, V.V. (1983). "Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete joints", Report EERC 83-19, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  15. Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., Mousavi, M. and Azarbakht, A. (2010). "Strong ground motion record selection for the reliable prediction of the mean seismic collapse capacity of a structure group", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 40(6), 691-708. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1055
  16. Grigoriu, M. (2011). "To scale or not to scale seismic ground-acceleration records", J. Eng. Mech. - ASCE, 137(4), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000226
  17. Guneyisi, E.M. and Sahin, N.D. (2014). "Seismic fragility analysis of conventional and viscoelastically damped moment resisting frames", Earthq. Struct., 7(3), 295-316. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.3.295
  18. Hachem, M.M., Mahin, S.A. and Moehle, J.P. (2003). "Performance of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns under bi-directional earthquake loading", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Report No. PEER 2003/06.
  19. IS 1893 (2002), Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part 1: General Provisions and Buildings.
  20. Kitajima, K., Adachi, H. and Nakanishi, M. (1996). "Response characteristics of reinforced concrete structures under bi-directional earthquake motions", Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, England, Disc 1, Paper No. 566.
  21. Kitajima, K., Koizumi, T., Akiyama, H., Kanda, M., Nakanishi, M. and Adachi, H. (1992). "Response characteristics of reinforced concrete columns under bi-directional earthquake motions", Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  22. Kubo, T. and Penzien, J. (1979). "Analysis of three-dimensional strong ground motions along principal axes, San Fernando Earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 7(3), 265-278. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290070306
  23. Lucchini, A., Mollaioli, F. and Monti, G. (2011). "Intensity measures for response prediction of a torsional building subjected to bi-directional earthquake ground motion", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1499-1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9258-2
  24. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988). "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 114(8), 1804-1823. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  25. Martinez-Rueda, J.E. and Elnashai, A.S. (1997). "Confined concrete model under cyclic load", Mater. Struct., 30(197), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486385
  26. Menegotto M. and Pinto P.E. (1973). "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending", Symposium on the Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 15-22.
  27. Moehle, J.P. and Deierlein, G.G. (2004). "A framework methodology for performance-based earthquake engineering", Proceedings of the 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, Canada, 1-6, August.
  28. Mollaioli, F., Lucchini, A., Cheng Y. and Monti, G., (2013). "Intensity measures for the seismic response prediction of base-isolated buildings", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 11(5), 1841-1866. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9431-x
  29. Mpampatsikos, V., Nascimbene, R. and Petrini, L. (2008). "A critical review of the R.C. frame existing building assessment procedure according to Eurocode 8 and Italian Seismic Code", J. Earthq. Eng,, 12(1), 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460801925020
  30. Nagashree, B.K., Ravi Kumar, C.M. and Venkat Reddy, D. (2016). "A parametric study on seismic fragility analysis of RC buildings", Earthq. Struct., 10(3), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.629
  31. Nakayama, T. et al. (1996). "Shaking table tests of reinforced concrete structures under bidirectional earthquake motions", Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Oxford, England, Paper No. 1001.
  32. Nassar, A.A. and Krawinkler, H. (1991). "Seismic demands for SDOF and MDOF systems", Report No. 95, The John A.Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  33. Porter, K., Kennedy, R. and Bachman, R. (2007). "Creating Fragility Functions for performance-Based Earthquake Engineering", Earthq. Spectra, 23(2), 471-489. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2720892
  34. Rathje, E.M., Abrahamson, N.A. and Bray, J.D. (1998). "Simplified frequency content estimates of earthquake ground motions", J. Geotech. Eng.- ASCE, 124(2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:2(150)
  35. Rathje, E.M., Faraj, F., Russell, S. and Bray, J.D. (2004). "Empirical relationships for frequency content parameters of earthquake ground motions", Earthq. Spectra, 20(1), 119-144. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1643356
  36. Roy, R., Ghosh, D. and Bhattcharaya, G. (2015). "Influence of strong motion characteristics on permanent displacement of slopes", Landslides, 13(2), 279-292.
  37. SeismoSoft (2013). "SeismoStruct V. 6 - A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures [online]", ed: available from URL: http://www.seismosoft.com.
  38. Sengupta, A., Quadery, L., Sarkar, S. and Roy, R. (2016). "Influence of bi-directional near-fault excitations on RC bridge piers", J. Bridge Eng. - ASCE , 21(7), 04016034: 1-3.
  39. Singh, J.P. (1985). "Earthquake ground motions: Implications for designing structures and reconciling structural damage", Earthq. Spectra, 1(2), 239-270. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585264
  40. Somerville, P.G. (2003). "Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse", J. Phys. Earth Planetary. Interiors, 137(1-4), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(03)00015-3
  41. Somerville, P.G., Smith, N., Graves, R. and Abrahamson, N. (1997). "Modification of empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations to include the amplitude and duration effects of rupture directivity", Seismol. Res. Lett., 68(1), 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.199
  42. Vamvatsikos, D. (2002). "Seismic Performance, Capacity and Reliability of Structures as seen through Incremental Dynamic Analysis", PhD Thesis, Stanford University, USA.
  43. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002a). "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141
  44. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002b), Tracing and post-processing of IDA curves: Theory and software implementation, Report No. RMS-44, RMS Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  45. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2004b). "Direct estimation of the seismic demand and capacity of MDOF systems through incremental dynamic analysis of an SDOF approximation", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 20(2), 523-553.
  46. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2005). "Developing efficient scalar and vector intensity measures for IDA capacity estimation by incorporating elastic spectral shape information", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34(13), 1573-1600. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.496
  47. Vamvatsikos, D., and Cornell, C. A. (2004a). "Applied incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Spectra, 20(2), 523-553. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1737737

Cited by

  1. Seismic Behavior of RC Bridge Piers under Bidirectional Excitations: Implications of Site Effects vol.22, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1233919