참고문헌
- Aalapati S, Ganapathy S, Manapuram S, Anumolu G, Prakya BM. Toxicity and bio-accumulation of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in CD1 mice. Nanotoxicology 2014;8:786-798
- Bustamante P, Miramand P. Subcellular and body distributions of 17 trace elements in the variegated scallop Chlamys varia from the French coast of the Bay of Biscay. Sci Total Environ 2005;337:59-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.004
- Carpenter D, Boutin C, Allison JE, Parsons JL, Ellis DM. Uptake and effects of six rare earth elements(REEs) on selected native and crop species growing in contaminated soils. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0129936 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129936
- Cassee FR, Campbell A, Boere AJ, McLean SG, Duffin R, et al. The biological effects of subacute inhalation of diesel exhaust following addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Environ Res 2012;115:1-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.004
- Cassee FR, van Balen EC, Singh C, Green D, Muijser H, et al. Exposure, health and ecological effects review of engineered nanoscale cerium and cerium oxide associated with its use as a fuel additive. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011;41:213-229 https://doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2010.529105
- Chen H, Longfield DE, Varahagiri VS, Nguyen KT, Patrick AL, et al. Optical imaging in tissue with X-ray excited luminescent sensors. Analyst 2011;136:3438-3345 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0an00931h
- Cheng J, Cheng Z, Hu R, Cui Y, Cai J, et al. Immune dysfunction and liver damage of mice following exposure to lanthanoids. Environ Toxicol 2014;29(1):64-73 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20773
- Dahle JT, Arai Y. Environmental geochemistry of cerium: Applications and toxicology of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2015;12: 1253-1278 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201253
- Das S, Dowding JM, Klump KE, McGinnis JF, Self W, et al. Cerium oxide nanoparticles: applications and prospects in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine(Lond) 2013;8:1483-1508
- Dillow C. A new international project aims to track U.S. electronic waste for recycling [serial online] 2011 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: URL:https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-05
- Graf F, Fahrer J, Maus S, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, et al. DNA double strand breaks as predictor of efficacy of the alpha-particle emitter Ac-225 and the electron emitter Lu-177 for somatostatin receptor targeted radiotherapy. PLoS One 2014:9:e88239 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088239
- Goecke F, Jerez CG, Zachleder V, Figueroa FL, Bisova K, et al. Use of lanthanides to alleviate the effects of metal ion-deficiency in Desmodesmus quadricauda (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta). Front Microbiol 2015;6:2
- Hao Z, Li Y, Li H, Wei B, Liao X, et al. Levels of rare earth elements, heavy metals and uranium in a population living in Baiyun Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: A pilot study. Chemosphere 2015;128:161-170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.057
- Haque N, Hughes A, Lim S, Vernon C. Rare Earth Elements: Overview of Mining, Mineralogy, Uses, Sustainability and Environmental Impact. Resources 2014;3(4):614-635 https://doi.org/10.3390/resources3040614
- Herrmann H, Nolde J, Berger S, Heise S. Aquatic ecotoxicity of lanthanum - A review and an attempt to derive water and sediment quality criteria. Ecotoxicol. Environ Saf 2016;124:213-238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.033
- Hirano S, Suzuki KT. Exposure, metabolism, and toxicity of rare earths and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104(Suppl. 1):85-95 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104s185
- Hong J, Pan X, Zhao X, Yu X, Sang X, et al. Molecular mechanism of oxidative damage of lung in mice following exposure to lanthanum chloride. Environ Toxicol 2015;30:357-365 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.21913
- Huang P, Li J, Zhang S, Chen C, Han Y, et al. Effects of lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium on the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes: accumulation and oxidative damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011;31:25-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2010.09.001
- Humphries M. Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain. Congressional Research Service, CPS Report for Congress [serial online] 2015 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf
- Jenkins W, Perone P, Walker K, Bhagavathula N, Aslam MN, et al. Fibroblast response to lanthanoid metal ion stimulation: potential contribution to fibrotic tissue injury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011;144:621-635 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9041-x
- Jha AM, Singh AC. Clastogenicity of lanthanides: induction of chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells of mice in vivo. Mutat Res 1995;341:193-197 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(95)90009-8
- Keller J, Wohlleben W, Ma-Hock L, Strauss V, Groters S, et al. Time course of lung retention and toxicity of inhaled particles: short-term exposure to nano-ceria. Arch Toxicol 2014;88:2033-2059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1349-9
-
Kitchin KT, Prasad RY, Wallace K. Oxidative stress studies of six
$TiO_2$ and two$CeO_2 $ nanomaterials: immuno-spin trapping results with DNA. Nanotoxicology 2011;5: 546-556 https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.539711 - Kolli MB, Manne ND, Para R, Nalabotu SK, Nandyala G, et al. Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate monocrotaline induced right ventricular hypertrophy following pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9951-9562 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.037
- Kumari M, Kumari SI, Kamal SS, Grover P. Genotoxicity assessment of cerium oxide nanoparticles in female Wistar rats after acute oral exposure. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2014a;775-776:7-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.009
- Kumari M, Singh SP, Chinde S, Rahman MF, Mahboob M, et al. Toxicity study of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Toxicol 2014b;33: 86-97 https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581814522305
- Laznickova A, Biricova V, Laznicek M, Hermann P. Mono (pyridine-N-oxide) DOTA analog and its G1/G4-PAMAM dendrimer conjugates labeled with 177Lu: radiolabeling and biodistribution studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2014;84:70-77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.10.021
- Li X, Chen Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y. A human health risk assessment of rare earth elements in soil and vegetables from a mining area in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Chemosphere 2013;93:1240-1246 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.085
- Lim CH. Toxicity of two different sized lanthanum oxides in cultured cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res 2015;31:181-189 https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2015.31.2.181
-
Liu D, Zhang J, Wang G, Liu X, Wang S, et al. The dual-effects of
$LaCl_3$ on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012;150:433-440 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9486-6 - Ma JY, Mercer RR, Barger M, Schwegler-Berry D, Scabilloni J, et al. Induction of pulmonary fibrosis by cerium oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012;262: 255-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.005
- Ma JY, Young SH, Mercer RR, Barger M, Schwegler-Berry D, et al. Interactive effects of cerium oxide and diesel exhaust nanoparticles on inducing pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014;278:135-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.019
- Merrifield RC, Wang ZW, Palmer RE, Lead JR. Synthesis and characterization of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated cerium oxide nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 2013;47:12426-12433 https://doi.org/10.1021/es402541z
- Mittal S, Pandey AK. Cerium oxide nanoparticles induced toxicity in human lung cells: role of ROS mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014: 891-934
- Nalabotu SK, Kolli MB, Triest WE, Ma JY, Manne ND, et al. Intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles induces hepatic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Nanomed 2011;6:2327-2335
- Naumov A. Review of the world market of rare-earth metals. Russ J Non-Ferrous Met 2008;49(1):14-22 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11981-008-1004-6
- OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Test Guideline 453. Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies. 2009
- Oral R, Bustamante P, Warnau M, D'Ambra A, Guida M, et al. Cytogenetic and developmental toxicity of cerium and lanthanum to sea urchin embryos. Chemosphere 2010;81:194-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.057
- Pagano G, Guida M, Tommasi F, Oral, R. Health effects and toxicity mechanisms of rare earth elements - Knowledge gaps and research prospects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015a;115C:40-48
- Pagano G, Aliberti F, Guida M, Oral R, Siciliano A, et al. Human exposures to rare earth elements: State of art and research priorities. Environ Res 2015b;142:215-220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.039
- Pagano G, Guida M, Siciliano A, Oral R, Kocbas F, et al. Comparative toxicities of selected rare earth elements: Sea urchin embryogenesis and fertilization damage with redox and cytogenetic effects. Environ Res 2016;147:453-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.031
- Palmer RJ, Butenhoff JL, Stevens JB. Cytotoxicity of the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium in vitro: comparisons with cadmium in a pulmonary macrophage primary culture system. Environ Res 1987;43(1):142-156 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80066-X
- Pang X, Li D, Peng A. Application of rare-earth elements in the agriculture of China and its environmental behavior in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2002;9:143-148 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987462
- Pol A, Barends TR, Dietl A, Khadem AF, Eygensteyn J, et al. Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots. Environ Microbiol 2014;16: 255-264 https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12249
- Ramalho J, Semelka RC, Ramalho M, Nunes RH, AlObaidy M, et al. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: an update. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37(7):1192-1198 https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4615
- Raymond DH, David RJ. Rare Earth Metals. In: Raymond DH, Marie MB, Giffe TJ, editors. Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. 6th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2015;199-204
- Riano S, Koen Binnemans K. Extraction and separation of neodymium and dysprosium from used NdFeB magnets: an application of ionic liquids in solvent extraction towards the recycling of magnets. Green Chem 2015;17:2931-2942 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC00230C
- Rim KT, Koo KH, Park JS. Toxicological evaluations of rare earths and their health impacts to workers: a literature review. Saf Health Work 2013;4(1):12-26 https://doi.org/10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.12
-
Rodea-Palomares I, Boltes K, Fernandez-Pinas F, Leganes F, Garcia-Calvo E, et al. Physicochemical characterization and ecotoxicological assessment of
$CeO_2$ nanoparticles using two aquatic microorganisms. Toxicol Sci 2011; 119:135-145 https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq311 - Savel'eva IL. The rare-earth metals industry of Russia: present status, resource conditions of development. Geogr Nat Resour 2011;32(1):65-71 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372811010112
- Selvaraj V, Bodapati S, Murray E, Rice KM, Winston N, et al. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells. Int J Nanomed 2014;9:1379-1391
- Schluep M, Hageluekenb C, Kuehrc R, Magalinic F, Maurerc C, et al. Recycling- from e waste to resources.(United Nations Environment Programme & United Nations University) [serial online] 2009 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: http://www.unep.org/PDF/PressReleases/E-waste_publication_screen_pdf
- Schubert D, Dargusch R, Raitano J, Chan SW. Cerium and yttrium oxide nanoparticles are neuroprotective. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;342:86-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.129
- Srinivas A, Rao PJ, Selvam G, Murthy PB, Reddy PN. Acute inhalation toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats. Toxicol Lett 2011;205:105-115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1027
- Takaya M, Toya T, Takata A, Otaki N, Yoshida K, et al. Biological effects of rare earth oxides to respiratory organs. J Aerosol Res 2005;20(3):207-212
- Tong SL, Zhu WZ, Gao ZH, Meng YX, Peng RL, et al. Distribution characteristics of rare earth elements in children's scalp hair from a rare earths mining area in southern China. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2004;39:2517-2532 https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-200026332
- Turner JH, Claringbold PG, Hetherington EL, Sorby P, Martindale AA. A phase 1 study of samarium-153 ethylenediamine-tetra-methylene phosphonate therapy for disseminated skeletal metastases. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:1926-1931
- USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency). Risk assessment guidance for Superfund. Volume I. Human health evaluation manual(Part a), Interim Final. EPA/540/1-89-002 [serial online] 1989 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ragsa/
- USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency). Provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values for stable lutetium(CASRN 7439-94-3), National Center for Environmental Assessment. Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center(STSC) [serial online] 2007 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: https://hhpprtv.ornl.gov/quickview/pprtv_papers.php
- USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency). Rare Earth Elements: A Review of Production, Processing, Recycling, and Associated Environmental Issues. EPA 600/R-12/572 [serial online] 2012 [cited 2016 July 16]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ord
- UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme). Recycling rates of metals: A status report, 2011. ISBN No: 978-92-807-3161-3
- Waring PM, Watling RJ. Rare earth deposits in a deceased movie projectionist. A new case of rare earth pneumoconiosis? Med J Aust 1990;153:726-730
- Wei B, Li Y, Li H, Yu J, Ye B, et al. Rare earth elements in human hair from a mining area of China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013;96:118-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.031
- Wong LL, McGinnis JF. Nanoceria as bona fide catalytic antioxidants in medicine: what we know and what we want to know. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014;801:821-828 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_103
-
Wu J, Yang J, Liu Q, Wu S, Ma H, et al. Lanthanum induced primary neuronal apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction modulated by
$Ca^{2+}$ and Bcl-2 family. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013a;152:125-134 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9601-3 - Wu S, Hu C, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Capillary microextraction combined with fluorinating assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of trace lanthanum, europium, dysprosium and yttrium in human hair. Talanta 2013b;115:342-348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.044
- Yang JH, Liu QF, Wu SW, Zhang LF, Cai Y. Effects of lanthanum chloride on the expression of immediate early genes in the hippocampus of rats. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011a;45:340-343
- Yang J, Liu Q, Wu S, Zhang L, Qi M, et al. Effects of lanthanum on the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and expression of immediate early genes in the hippocampal CA3 area of rats. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2011b;40:299-303
- Yang J, Liu Q, Qi M, Lu S, Wu S, et al. Lanthanum chloride promotes mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in primary cultured rat astrocytes. Environ Toxicol 2013a;28: 489-497 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20738
- Yang J, Liu Q, Wu S, Xi Q, Cai Y. Effects of lanthanum chloride on glutamate level, intracellular calcium concentration and caspases expression in the rat hippocampus. Biometals 2013b;26:43-59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9593-z
- Zhang DY, Shen XY, Ruan Q, Xu XL, Yang SP, et al. Effects of subchronic samarium exposure on the histopathological structure and apoptosis regulation in mouse testis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014;37: 505-512 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.007
-
Zheng L, Yang J, Liu Q, Yu F, Wu S, et al. Lanthanum chloride impairs spatial learning and memory and downregulates NF-
${\kappa}B$ signalling pathway in rats. Arch Toxicol 2013;87:2105-2117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1076-7