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Quality Evaluation of Spent Hen and Broiler with Pulsed Electric Field and Super Heated Steam Treatment

펄스자기장 및 과열증기 처리를 통한 노계육과 육계의 품질 평가

  • Jeon, Ki-Hong (Food Processing Technology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Hwang, Yoon-Seon (Food Processing Technology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Young-Boong (Food Processing Technology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Choi, Yun-Sang (Food Processing Technology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Mi (Food Processing Technology Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Un (School of Food Science and Technology, Chungang University) ;
  • Choi, Jinyoung (Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University)
  • Received : 2016.07.14
  • Accepted : 2016.10.21
  • Published : 2016.10.31

Abstract

The processing properties of spent hen and broiler chicken were investigated before and after treatment to improve texture characteristics. Each treatment consisted steaming (S) with $85^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) with 1.5 KV/cm for 4 sec, and Super Heated Steam (SH) with an oven temp. of $300^{\circ}C$, a steam temp. of $350^{\circ}C$ for 8 min. The yield of spent hen and broiler were 66.85% and 63.80% respectively in the control, but decreased in every treatment was lowest at 61.05% in the PEF treatment (p<0.05). In the color test, L value decreased, but the a and b values increased regardless of the species of spent hen or broiler. In the test of heating loss, the S treatment of spent hen had the highest result of 45.25% but lowest of 30.66% in the SH treatment of the broiler. When it was compared with various treatments, SH after PEF treatment showed the better result in terms of heating loss than the PEF or SH treatment respectively. In the test of texture, the broiler showed the lowest hardness of 5.57 kg in the SH (p<0.05). Otherwise, the spent hen resulted in 14.08 kg of hardness in steaming after PEF, but it improved significantly to 10.73 kg in SH after PEF. In the test of 9 scored sensory evaluation of overall palatability, 7.8 point was the best score with SH treatment in the broiler. The best score in spent hen was 6.3 point which was SH after PEF treatment. With this experiment, SH after PEF was the condition in the treatments to have the better texture of spent hen.

노계육의 물리적 처리를 통한 조직감 개선과 가공특성을 조사하였다. 각 처리 조건은 스팀(Steam, S) $85^{\circ}C$/20 min, 펄스 전기 자기장(Pulsed Electric Field, PEF) 1.5 KV/cm, 초고압 증기 가열법(Super Heated Steam, SHS) 오븐온도($300^{\circ}C$), 스팀 온도($350^{\circ}C$), 시간(8 min)을 선정하여 실험 하였다. 수율에서는 육계육과 노계육 모두 대조구에서 66.85%, 63.80%로 높은 결과를 얻었으며 처리구에서는 모두 감소하여 노계육을 전기장 처리한(PEF) 처리구에서 61.05%로 가장 낮은 수율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 색도는 노계와 육계의 품종과 관계없이 가열 중 L 값은 낮아지고 a 값과 b 값은 높아지는 전형적인 현상을 보였으며, 가열 감량은 가열 감량은 노계육스팀처리(S)에서 45.25%로 가장 높았으며, 육계육의 초고압증기(B-SH) 가열 처리할 때는 30.66%로 가장 낮았다. 처리구별로는 노계육을 PEF 및 SH 병행 처리 시 PEF와 SH를 단독으로 처리한 물리적인 처리구보다 가열 감량이 낮게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조직감은 hardness의 경우 시료별로는 부드러운 조직감을 갖는 육계육에서 초고압스팀처리구(B-SH)에서 5.57 kg으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 반면에 노계육은 PEF 처리한 후 스팀처리구 경우 14.08 kg으로 육계육에 비해서는 질긴 조직감을 보였으나 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(SL-PSH) 시료에서는 10.73 kg까지 유의적으로 감소하여 연도개선에 효과가 있었다. 관능평가에서는 전반적 기호도가 가장 좋은 점수를 보인 것은 육계육 7.8점이었고, 노계육에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기 처리구(SL-PSH)에서 6.3점으로 가장 좋은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 노계육의 연도를 개선하기 위한 물리적 방법에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(PSH)가 가장 이상적인 방법이라고 생각된다.

Keywords

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