DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

손바닥선인장(백년초, 천년초) 열매의 외관 및 성분특성 연구

The morphological and chemical composition characteristics of Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia humifusa fruits

  • 김미현 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 김희정 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 장미 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 임태규 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 홍희도 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 이영경 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 김경탁 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터) ;
  • 조장원 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구센터)
  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hee Jung (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Jang, Mi (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lim, Tae-Gyu (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Hong, Hee-Do (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Rhee, Young Kyoung (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Tack (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Chang-Won (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2016.06.08
  • 심사 : 2016.07.04
  • 발행 : 2016.10.30

초록

본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 손바닥선인장인 백년초(Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten)와 천년초(Opuntia humifusa) 열매의 외관 및 성분을 비교하였다. 시료 간 외형을 장축, 단축, 중량의 항목으로 구분하여 측정, 비교하였으며, 색도를 측정하여 외관을 비교하였다. 크기와 무게는 천년초 열매가 백년초 열매에 비해 작았으나, 단축 대비 장축의 비가 백년초 열매는 1.63, 천년초 열매는 1.90으로 천년초 열매가 백년초 열매에 비해 크기가 작은 대신 좀 더 길쭉한 모양을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 색도의 경우 L값과 b값은 천년초 열매가, a값은 백년초 열매가 높았는데, 열매시료간의 ${\Delta}E$값은 19.80으로 나타나 색도 차이가 크게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 일반성분의 함량은 백년초 열매가 탄수화물 함량이 높은 반면 조회분 함량은 천년초 열매가 높게 나타났으며, 조단백질 함량과 조지방 함량은 유사하게 나타났다. 식이섬유 함량은 백년초와 천년초 열매 모두 유사한 수준으로 높은 함량(52.7~53.4%)을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 식이섬유 함량이 높다고 알려진 알로에와 해조류보다도 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 두 시료에서 K과 Ca순으로 높게 나타났는데, 한국인이 주로 섭취하는 과일의 K과 Ca함량에 비해 높은 함유량을 나타내었고, Ca이 많이 함유되어 있다고 보고된 멸치와 비슷한 Ca함량을 나타내었다. 구성아미노산의 함량은 전체 합이 천년초 열매가 백년초 열매에 비해 높았으나 필수 아미노산의 비율은 백년초 열매가 천년초 열매에 비해 소폭 높았고, 모든 시료에서 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 높은 특징을 보였다. 유리 아미노산의 경우 시료별 특성이 달랐는데, 백년초 열매의 경우 tyrosine의 함량이 높고 천년초 열매에 존재하지 않는 taurine이 존재한 반면, 천년초 열매의 경우 glutamic acid의 함량이 압도적으로 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 모든 시료에서 GABA가 검출되었다. 본 연구결과 백년초와 천년초 열매가 외관특성 및 성분에 차이를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었는데, 손바닥선인장 열매의 가공제품 개발 시 종에 따른 외관과 성분함량 차이를 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었고 특히 손바닥선인장 열매의 경우 식이섬유와 Ca의 함량의 높아 이를 이용한 기능성식품의 제조에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

Opuntia humifusa fruits were investigated. The length of minor and major axis, and weight of O. ficus-indica and O. humifusa fruits were compared as the morphological features. The characteristics of components such as color, moisture, crude protein, ash, fat, dietary fiber, mineral, and amino acids were evaluated. The values of O. ficus-indica fruits were higher than those of O. humifusa fruits in each morphological feature such as minor axis, major axis, and weight. According to the Hunter color index results, O. humifusa fruits showed higher values of L (lightness) and b (yellowness), whereas O. ficus-indica fruits showed higher value of a (redness). The ${\Delta}E$ value between two samples was 19.80. The O. ficus-indica fruits had higher carbohydrate content and lower content of crude ash than those of O. humifusa fruits. Both samples showed very high dietary fiber contents, and the major minerals were K and Ca. Glutamic acid was the major amino acids in both samples. In free amino acids contents, O. ficus-indica had higher tyrosine and lower glutamic acid level than those of O. humifusa fruits. ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid was found in both samples, whereas taurine was found in O. ficus-indica fruits only. Taken together, the morphological features and chemical quality of O. ficus-indica and O. humifusa fruits showed difference although both of them were originated from the same genus.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Park CM, Kwak BH, Park SH, Kim H, Rhyu DY (2013) Comparison of biological activities of Opuntia humifusa and Opuntia ficus-indica. Korean J Plant Res, 26, 519-525 https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.5.519
  2. Lee YC, Pyo YH, Ahn CK, Kim SH (2005) Food functionality of Opuntia ficus-indica var. cultivated in Jeju island. J Food Sci Nutr, 10, 103-116
  3. Jang SY, Kim MH, Hong GJ (2012) Quality characteristics of Sulgidduk added with Cheonnyuncho fruit powder. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life, 22, 365-373
  4. Saenz C (2000) Processing technologies: an alternative for cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) fruits and cladodes. J Arid Environ, 46, 209-225 https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0676
  5. Jeon ER, Park ID (2006) Effect of Angelica plant powder on the quality characteristics of batter cakes and cookies. Korean J Food Cookery Sci, 22, 62-68
  6. Joubert E (1993) Processing of the fruit of five prickly pear cultivars grown in South Africa. International J Food Sci Technol, 28, 377-387
  7. Kim NY, Cho AR, Jung SJ, Kim KH, Lee HJ, Lee S, Yook HS (2007) Quality characteristics of cupcakes added with Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 36, 58-64 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.1.058
  8. Song JH, Park JS, No YJ, Choi HJ (2011) A study on the quality characteristics of soybean curd prepared with the addition of Opuntia humifusa fruit. Korean J Food Nutr, 24, 12-16 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.1.012
  9. Kim MJ (2008) Physicochemical characteristics of Jeung-pyun by different addition ratios of prickly pear powder during storage. MS Thesis, Sungshin Women's University, Korea, p 1
  10. Jung BM, Kim DS, Joo NM (2013) Quality characteristics and optimization of cookies prepared with Opuntia humifusa powder using response surface methodology. Korean J Food Cookery Sci, 29, 1-10 https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.1.1
  11. Kim MH, Hong GJ (2009) Quality properties of Jeolpyun supplemented with Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa). Korean J Food Cookery Sci, 25, 415-420
  12. Cho EJ, Kim MJ, Choi WS (2007) Quality properties of Jeung-pyun with added with prickly pear (Cheonnyuncho) powder. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life, 17, 903-910
  13. Lee YC, Hwang KH, Han DH, Kim SD (1997) Compositions of Opuntia ficus-indica. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 29, 847-853
  14. Jung BM, Han KA, Shin TS (2011) Food components of different parts of Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa) harvested from Yeosu, Jeonnam in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 40, 1271-1278 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.9.1271
  15. Shin DS, Han GJ (2016) Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of Cheonnuncho (Opuntial hunifusa) stems and fruit. Korean J Food Preserv, 23, 89-96 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.1.89
  16. Saenz C (2013) Chemical composition and characteristics of Opuntia spp.. In: Agro-industrial utilization of cactus pear, Saenz (Editor), FAO, Rome, Italy, p 9
  17. Oliveira ACM, Balaban MO (2006) Comparison of a colorimeter with a machine vision system in measuring color of gulf of mexico sturgeon fillets. Appl Eng Agric, 22, 583-587 https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.21211
  18. AOAC (1996) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed, The Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, Washington DC, USA
  19. Rodriguez R, Jimenez A, Fernandez-Bolanos J, Guillen R, Heredia A (2006) Dietary fibre from vegetable products as source of functional ingredients. Trends Food Sci Tech, 17, 3-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.10.002
  20. Kim JH, Kim MJ, Oh HK, Chang MJ, Kim SH (2007) Seasonal variation of mineral nutrients in Korean common fruits and vegetables. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life, 17, 860-875
  21. Kim IS, Lee TG, Yeum DM, Cho ML, Park HW, Cho TJ, Heu MS, Kim JS (2000) Food component characteristics of cold air dried anchovies. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 29, 973-980
  22. Jung HW, Chung HJ (2013) Quality characteristics and amino acid content of cookies with GABA-enhanced brown rice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 42, 1813-1820 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.11.1813
  23. Na HS, Kim JY, Park HJ, Choi GC, Yang SI, Lee JH (2013) Comparison of the nutrient components of figs based on their cultivars. Korean J Food Preserv, 20, 336-341 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.3.336

피인용 문헌

  1. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia humifusa fruits ethanol extracts vol.25, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.5.586
  2. Physiological Activities of Opuntia monacantha Haw. Fruit and Stem vol.50, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.5.456