한국언론정보학보 (Korean journal of communication and information)

  • 제79권
  • /
  • Pages.226-259
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  • 2016
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  • 1598-3757(pISSN)
한국언론정보학회 (Korean Association For Communication And Information Studies)
권호 표지

테크놀로지, 노동, 그리고 삶의 취약성

Technology, Labour, and Precarious Lives A Theoretical Reflection on the Relation Between Immaterial Labour and Precarity

  • 채석진 (성공회대학교 문화대학원)
  • Chae, Suk Jin (Graduate School of Culture and Communication, Sungkonghoe University)
  • 투고 : 2016.07.31
  • 심사 : 2016.09.21
  • 발행 : 2016.10.15
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초록

신자유주의와 정보통신기술의 발달은 서로 긴밀하게 얽혀 있음에도 불구하고, 문화연구 진영에서 이 두 가지의 문제는 서로 분리되어 논의되는 경향이 강하다. 하비가 지적하듯, 신자유주의적 전환의 가장 첫 번째 스텝은 정보통신기술의 확장이었다. 전 지구적 차원에서 이루어지는 신자유주의적 자본축적은 정보통신기술 시설의 확장을 통해서 이루어졌고, 이는 또한 노동의 유연화 및 분절화 과정과도 긴밀하게 얽혀 있다. 이 글은 자율주의 마르크시스트들의 논의를 기반으로 신자유주의 사회에서 정보통신기술, 노동, 사회적 관계의 변화에 대해 논의한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 자율주의 마르크스주의 전통의 기원인 이탈리아 노동자주의의 '사회적 공장'과 '계급 구성' 개념을 살펴보고, 이후 이를 기반으로 일군의 자율주의 이론가들이 현대 자본주의의 새로운 노동, 계급, 사회적 관계를 분석한 '제국'과 '비물질 노동'이라는 개념과 이를 둘러싼 논쟁들을 살펴볼 것이다. 그다음으로, '비물질 노동' 개념이 문화연구 전통에서 디지털 경제를 이해하는 데에 어떻게 받아들여졌으며, 특히 '창의노동(creative labour)' 개념에 대한 비판과 어떻게 긴밀하게 연결되어 진화해왔는지 살펴볼 것이다. 마지막으로, '프리캐러티(precarity)' 개념을 중심으로, 이러한 변화한 노동의 속성이 노동의 임시직화와 함께, 삶과 노동에서 이루어지고 있는 취약성의 확산에 어떻게 연결되어 있는지 논할 것이다. 이를 통해, 이 글은 취약한 삶의 연속선상에서 일상의 디지털 미디어 사용을 연구할 것을 제안하고, 취약성의 문제를 특정 세대나 계급에 국한된 것이 아니라 전 세대와 계급을 관통하여 구성되는 것으로 개념화한다.

Drawing on the autonomist Marxist concepts of 'social factory', 'immaterial labour', and 'precarity', this paper discusses the changed nature of labour, life and social relations in contemporary informational capitalism. More specifically, it first traces back to the early autonomist (operasimo) theories of 'social factory' and 'class composition' and then discusses how these earlier theories were developed into the concept of 'immaterial labour' by a group of later autonomist theorists such as Paolo Virno, Maurizio Lazzarato, Micheal Hardt, and Antonio Negri. Then, it reviews how the concept of immaterial labour was taken up to understand the nature of labour in digital economy within the tradition of Cultural Studies, closely intersecting with the critiques of 'creative labour'. Finally, it discusses how the changed nature of labour is interrelated with the neoliberal labour forces transformations such as casualization of employment and increasing insecurity in employment and life, which the autonomist explores with the concept of 'precarity', the material condition of immaterial labour.

키워드

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