Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of vertical load on in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames

  • Received : 2016.05.26
  • Accepted : 2016.09.27
  • Published : 2016.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Results of an experimental program are presented in this paper for the influence of vertical load on the in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames. Five half-scaled single-story, single-bay steel frame specimens were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The specimens included four infilled frames and one bare frame. Two similar specimens as well as the bare frame had moment-resisting steel frames, while the remaining two specimens had pinned steel frames. For each frame type, one specimen was tested under simultaneous vertical and lateral loading, whereas the other was subjected only to lateral loading. The experimental results show that the vertical load changes the cracking patterns and failure modes of the infill panels. It improves dissipated hysteresis energy and equivalent viscous damping. Global responses of specimens, including stiffness and maximum strength, do no change by vertical loading considerably. Regarding the ductility, the presence of vertical load is ignorable in the specimen with moment-resisting frame. However, it increases the ductility of the infilled pinned frame specimen, leading to an enhancement in the m-factor by at least 2.5 times. In summary, it is concluded that the influence of the vertical load on the lateral response of infilled frames can be conservatively ignored.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)

References

  1. AISC, ASD (1989), Plastic design specifications for structural steel buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA.
  2. ASCE 41-13 (2012), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Virginia: Reston.
  3. ASCE 41-06 (2006), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Virginia: Reston.
  4. Asteris, P.G., Antoniou, S.T., Sophianopoulos, D.S. and Chrysostomou, C.Z. (2011), "Mathematical macromodeling of infilled frames: state of the art", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 137(12), 1508-1517. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000384
  5. Asteris, P.G., Cotsovoset, D.M., Chrysostomou, C.Z., Mohebkhah, A. and Al-Chaar, G.K. (2013), "Mathematical micromodeling of infilled frames: state of the art", Eng. Struct., 56, 1905-1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.010
  6. Asteris, P.G., Cavaleri, L., Trapani, F.D. and Sarhosis, V. (2015), "A macro-modelling approach for the analysis of infilled frame structures considering the effects of openings and vertical loads", Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 12(5), 1-16.
  7. ASTM C109 (2002), Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (Using 2- in. or [50-mm] cube specimens), ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  8. ASTM C1314-03b (2004), Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms, ASTM International, USA.
  9. ASTM E8/E8M (2009), Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, ASTM international, West Conshohocken PA, USA.
  10. Campione, G., Cavaleri, L., Macaluso, G. and Amato, G. (2014), "Evaluation of infilled frames: an updated in-plane-stiffness macro-model considering the effects of vertical loads", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(8), 1-17.
  11. Chopra, A.K. (2001), Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice-Hall.
  12. El-Dakhakhni, W., Elgaaly, M. and Ahmad, A.H. (2003), "Three-strut model for concrete masonry-infilled steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 129(2), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(177)
  13. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Report no. FEMA 356, FEMA, Washington, DC, USA.
  14. FEMA 461 (2007), Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components, Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA.
  15. INBC-Part 8 (2005), Design and construction of masonry buildings, Iranian national building code, part 8, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Iran.
  16. Kakaletsis, D.J. and Karayannis, C.G. (2008), "Influence of masonry strength and openings on infilled R/C frames under cyclic loading", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(2), 197-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701299138
  17. Lafuente, M., Molina, A. and Genatios, C. (2000), "Seismic resistant behavior of minor reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zeland, January.
  18. Liu, Y. and Manesh, P. (2013), "Concrete masonry infilled steel frames subjected to combined in-plane lateral and axial loading-An experimental study", Eng. Struct., 52, 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.038
  19. Mainstone, R.J. (1971), "On the stiffness and strengths of infilled frames", ICE Proc. Thomas Telford, 49(2), 230.
  20. Mehrabi, A.B., Shing, P.B., Schuller, M.P. and Noland, J.L. (1996), "Experimental evaluation of masonryinfilled RC frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 122(3), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:3(228)
  21. Mohammadi, M. (2007), "Stiffness and damping of infilled steel frames", Proceedings of the ICE-Struct Build., 160(2), 105-118.
  22. Motovali Emami, S.M. and Mohammadi, M. (2015), "Effect of frame connection rigidity on the behaviour of infilled steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE (under review).
  23. Smith, B.S. (1968), "Model test results of vertical and horizontal loading of infilled frames", ACI J. Proc., 65(8), 618-625.
  24. Smith, B.S. and Carter, C. (1969), "A method of analysis for infilled frames", ICE Proc. Thomas Telford, 44(1), 31-48.
  25. Standard No 2800 (2005), Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, Third Revision, Building and Housing Research Center, Iran.
  26. Tarque, N., Leandro, C., Guido, C. and Enrico, S. (2015), "Masonry infilled frame structures: state-of-the-art review of numerical modeling", Earthq. Struct., 8(1), 225-251. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.225
  27. Tasnimi, A.A and Mohebkhah, A. (2011), "Investigation on the behavior of brick-infilled steel frames with openings, experimental and analytical", Eng. Struct., 33(3), 968-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.018
  28. Tomazevic, M. (1999), Earthquake-resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, World Scientific.
  29. Valiasis, T. and Stylianidis, K. (1989), "Masonry infilled R/C frames under horizontal loading experimental results", Eur. Earthq. Eng., 3(3), 10-20.

Cited by

  1. Shake-table study of plaster effects on the behavior of masonry-infilled steel frames vol.23, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.2.195
  2. Effect of masonry infill walls with openings on nonlinear response of reinforced concrete frames vol.12, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.333
  3. Effect of masonry infilled panels on the seismic performance of a R/C frames vol.16, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.3.329
  4. Analytical Validation of Macromodeling Techniques of Infilled RC Frames vol.43, pp.suppl1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0183-3
  5. Influence of infill walls on modal expansion of distribution of effective earthquake forces in RC frame structures vol.18, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.4.437