Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제11권4호
  • /
  • Pages.563-582
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Discrete element modeling of masonry structures: Validation and application

  • Pulatsu, Bora (Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Minho) ;
  • Bretas, Eduardo M. (Department of Infrastructure, Materials and Structures, Northern Research Institute) ;
  • Lourenco, Paulo B. (Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Minho)
  • 투고 : 2015.12.15
  • 심사 : 2016.09.24
  • 발행 : 2016.10.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The failure mechanism and maximum collapse load of masonry structures may change significantly under static and dynamic excitations depending on their internal arrangement and material properties. Hence, it is important to understand correctly the nonlinear behavior of masonry structures in order to adequately assess their safety and propose efficient strengthening measures, especially for historical constructions. The discrete element method (DEM) can play an important role in these studies. This paper discusses possible collapse mechanisms and provides a set of parametric analyses by considering the influence of material properties and cross section morphologies on the out of plane strength of masonry walls. Detailed modeling of masonry structures may affect their mechanical strength and displacement capacity. In particular, the structural behavior of stacked and rubble masonry walls, portal frames, simple combinations of masonry piers and arches, and a real structure is discussed using DEM. It is further demonstrated that this structural analysis tool allows obtaining excellent results in the description of the nonlinear behavior of masonry structures.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Asteris, P.G., Sarhosis V., Mohebkhah A., Plevris, V., Papaloziou, L., Komodromos, P. and Lemos, J.V. (2015), Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historical Structures. Numerical Modeling of Historical Masonry Structures, Engineering Science Reference, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
  2. Binda, L., Saisi, A. and Tiraboschi, C. (2000), "Investigation procedures for the diagnosis of historic masonries", Constr. Build. Mater., 14(4), 199-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00018-0
  3. Binda, L., Cardani, G. and Saisi, A. (2005), "A classification of structures and masonries for the adequate choice of repair", Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop Repair Mortars for Historic Masonry, Delft, Netherlands, January.
  4. Brencich, A. and Morbiducci, R. (2007), "Masonry arches: historical rules and modern mechanics", Int. J. Archit. Herit., 1(2), 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583050701312926
  5. Bretas, E.M., Lemos, J.V. and Lourenço, P.B. (2014), "A DEM based tool for the safety analysis of masonry gravity dams", Eng. Struct., 59, 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.10.044
  6. Cundall, P.A. (1971), "A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in block rock systems", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Nancy, France, September.
  7. de Felice, G. (2011), "Out of plane seismic capacity of masonry depending on wall section morphology", Int. J. Archit. Herit., 5(4-5), 466-482. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2010.530339
  8. Dogangun, A. and Sezen, H. (2012), "Seismic vulnerability and preservation of historical masonry monumental structures", Earthquakes Struct., 3(1), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.1.083
  9. Eurocode 6 (2005), Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
  10. Ferreira, T.M., Costa, A.A. and Costa, A. (2014), "Analysis of the out of plane seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry: A literature review", Int. J. Archit. Herit., doi: 10.1080/15583058.2014.885996.
  11. Giamundo, V., Sarhosis, V., Lignola, G.P., Sheng Y. and Manfredi, G. (2014), "Evaluation of different computational modeling strategies for the analysis of low strength masonry structures", Eng. Struct., 73, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.05.007
  12. Giordano, A., De Luca, A., Mele, E. and Romano, A. (2007), "A simple formula for predicting the horizontal capacity of masonry portal frames", Eng. Struct., 29(9), 2109-2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.10.011
  13. Giuffre, A. (1989), "Mechanics of Historical Masonry and Strengthening Criteria", XV Regional Seminar on Earthquake Engineering, Ravello, Italy.
  14. Heyman, J. (1966), "The stone skeleton", Int. J. Solids Struct., 2(2), 249-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(66)90018-7
  15. Isfeld, A. and Shrive, N. (2015), "Discrete element modeling of stone masonry walls with varying core conditions: Prince of Wales fort case study", Int. J. Archit. Herit., 9(5), 564-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2013.819135
  16. Krawinkler, H. (1996), "Pushover analysis: why, how, when and when not to use it", Proceedings of the 65th Annual Convention of the Structural Engineers Association of California, Maui, Hawaii, October.
  17. Lemos, J.V. (2007), "Discrete element modeling of masonry structures", Int. J. Archit. Herit., 1(2), 190-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583050601176868
  18. Lemos, J.V., Costa, A.C. and Bretas E.M. (2011), Assessment of the Seismic Capacity of Stone Masonry Walls with Block Models, In: Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering, Springer, Netherlands.
  19. Lourenço, P.B. and Rots, J.G. (1997), "Multisurface interface model for analysis of masonry structures", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 123(7), 660-668. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:7(660)
  20. Lourenço, P.B. (2002), "Computations of historical masonry constructions", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(3), 301-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.120
  21. Lourenço, P.B. (2009), Recent Advances in Masonry Structures: Micro-Modelling and Homogenisation, In: Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches, Imperial College Press, London, UK.
  22. Page, A.W. (1978), "Finite element model for masonry", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(8), 1267-1285.
  23. Pena, F., Lourenco, P.B., Mendes, N. and Oliveira, D.V. (2010), "Numerical models for the seismic assessment of an old masonry tower", Eng. Struct., 32(5), 1466-1478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.01.027
  24. Roca, P., Cervera, M., Gariup G. and Pela, L. (2010), "Structural analysis of masonry historical constructions. Classical and advanced approaches", Arch. Comput. Meth. Eng., 17(3), 299-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-010-9046-1
  25. Sayin, E., Yon, B., Calayir, Y. and Gor, M. (2014), "Construction failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey", Struct. Eng. Mech., 51(3), 503-518. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.3.503

피인용 문헌

  1. Numerical analysis of 3D dry-stone masonry structures by combined finite-discrete element method 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.12.012
  2. Parametric Study on Masonry Arches Using 2D Discrete-Element Modeling vol.24, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000305
  3. Automated Detailing and Stability Analysis of Under-Construction Masonry Vaults vol.24, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000314
  4. Experimental investigation of seismic behaviour of the ancient Protiron monument model pp.00988847, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3149
  5. Investigation on seismic isolation retrofit of a historical masonry structure vol.16, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.4.501
  6. Simulation of uniaxial tensile behavior of quasi-brittle materials using softening contact models in DEM vol.217, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-019-00373-x
  7. Masonry building behaviors during the February 6-12, 2017 Ayvacik-Çanakkale Earthquakes vol.17, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.4.355
  8. Distinct Element Modelling of Masonry Walls under Out-Of-Plane Seismic Loading vol.13, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1615152
  9. DECM: A Discrete Element for Multiscale Modeling of Composite Materials Using the Cell Method vol.13, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040880
  10. Experimental and numerical studies on scaled-down dry-joint retaining walls: Pseudo-static approach to quantify the resistance of a dry-joint brick retaining wall vol.18, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00670-9
  11. Dynamic Analysis of Semi-Circular Dry-Joint Masonry Arches: Small-Scale Experiment and Discrete Element Modeling vol.19, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.37394/23205.2020.19.19
  12. Discontinuum analysis of the fracture mechanism in masonry prisms and wallettes via discrete element method vol.55, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-020-01133-1
  13. Seismic Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Using Discrete Element Method vol.14, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1543482
  14. Quantifying the Differences in Documentation and Modeling Levels for Building Pathology and Diagnostics vol.27, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-019-09350-y
  15. Three-dimensional discrete element modelling of rubble masonry structures from dense point clouds vol.119, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103365
  16. Sensitivity analysis of the influences of mortar aging and loss on the structural performance of masonry arch aqueducts vol.300, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130001022
  17. Impact of ground floor openings percentage on the dynamic response of typical Dutch URM cavity wall structures vol.19, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00976-z
  18. A Macro-Distinct Element Model (M-DEM) for simulating the in-plane cyclic behavior of URM structures vol.227, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111428
  19. Discontinuous approaches for nonlinear dynamic analyses of an ancient masonry tower vol.230, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111626
  20. Numerical modeling of the tension stiffening in reinforced concrete members via discontinuum models vol.8, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-020-00342-5
  21. Advanced analysis of masonry retaining walls using mixed discrete-continuum approach vol.174, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.19.00225
  22. Discrete-element analysis of floor influence on seismic response of masonry structures vol.174, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.19.00099
  23. Discrete Element Simulation Analysis of Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Large-Size Recycled Aggregate vol.13, pp.13, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137498
  24. Experimental investigation on tensile strength of hollow concrete blocks vol.54, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01761-3
  25. Lattice Discrete Particle Model for the Simulation of Irregular Stone Masonry vol.147, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0003093
  26. Discrete Rigid Block Analysis to Assess Settlement Induced Damage in Unreinforced Masonry Façades vol.2, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng2030030
  27. Experimental Investigations and Microstructural Characterization of Construction Materials of Historic Multi-Leaf Stone-Masonry Walls vol.4, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030135
  28. In-plane structural performance of dry-joint stone masonry Walls: A spatial and non-spatial stochastic discontinuum analysis vol.242, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112620
  29. Influence of Bond Pattern on the in-plane Behavior of URM Piers vol.15, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1702738
  30. Shake-table response simulation of a URM building specimen using discrete micro-models with varying degrees of detail vol.19, pp.14, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01202-0
  31. Multi-Leaf Stone Masonry Walls in Egypt: A Legend vol.4, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040156
  32. Static and Impact Response of a Single-Span Stone Masonry Arch vol.6, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6120178
  33. Reverse Engineering a Fully Collapsed Ancient Roman Temple through Geoarchaeology and DEM vol.15, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1728593