참고문헌
- Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Miller FA, Oh JK, Redfield MM, Tajik AJ. Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: a comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study. Circulation 2000; 102:1788-94. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1788
- Cosyns B, Garbi M, Separovic J, Pasquet A, Lancellotti P; Education Committee of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Association (EACVI). Update of the echocardiography core syllabus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:837-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jet140
- Poppe KK, Doughty RN, Whalley GA. Redefining normal reference ranges for echocardiography: a major new individual person data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:347-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jes161
- Pfaffenberger S, Bartko P, Graf A, Pernicka E, Babayev J, Lolic E, Bonderman D, Baumgartner H, Maurer G, Mascherbauer J. Size matters! Impact of age, sex, height, and weight on the normal heart size. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:1073-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000690
- Chahal NS, Lim TK, Jain P, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Senior R. Ethnicity-related differences in left ventricular function, structure and geometry: a population study of UK Indian Asian and European white subjects. Heart 2010;96:466-71. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2009.173153
- Munagala VK, Jacobsen SJ, Mahoney DW, Rodeheffer RJ, Bailey KR, Redfield MM. Association of newer diastolic function parameters with age in healthy subjects: a population-based study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:1049-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00516-9
- Echocardiographic Normal Ranges Meta-Analysis of the Left heart (EchoNoRMAL) Collaboration. A meta-analysis of echocardiographic measurements of the left heart for the development of normative reference ranges in a large international cohort: the EchoNoRMAL study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:341-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jet240
- Qureshi WT, Leigh JA, Swett K, Dharod A, Allison MA, Cai J, Gonzalez F 2nd, Hurwitz BE, Shah SJ, Desai AA, Spevack DM, Rodriguez CJ. Comparison of echocardiographic measures in a hispanic/latino population with the 2005 and 2015 American Society of Echocardiography Reference Limits (The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:e003597. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003597
- Okura H, Takada Y, Yamabe A, Kubo T, Asawa K, Ozaki T, Yamagishi H, Toda I, Yoshiyama M, Yoshikawa J, Yoshida K. Age- and gender-specific changes in the left ventricular relaxation: a Doppler echocardiographic study in healthy individuals. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2: 41-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.108.809087
- Dalen H, Thorstensen A, Vatten LJ, Aase SA, Stoylen A. Reference values and distribution of conventional echocardiographic Doppler measures and longitudinal tissue Doppler velocities in a population free from cardiovascular disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:614-22. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.109.926022
- Caballero L, Kou S, Dulgheru R, Gonjilashvili N, Athanassopoulos GD, Barone D, Baroni M, Cardim N, Gomez de Diego JJ, Oliva MJ, Hagendorff A, Hristova K, Lopez T, Magne J, Martinez C, de la Morena G, Popescu BA, Penicka M, Ozyigit T, Rodrigo Carbonero JD, Salustri A, Van De Veire N, Von Bardeleben RS, Vinereanu D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL, Bernard A, Donal E, Lang RM, Badano LP, Lancellotti P. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:1031-41.
- Daimon M, Watanabe H, Abe Y, Hirata K, Hozumi T, Ishii K, Ito H, Iwakura K, Izumi C, Matsuzaki M, Minagoe S, Abe H, Murata K, Nakatani S, Negishi K, Yoshida K, Tanabe K, Tanaka N, Tokai K, Yoshikawa J; JAMP Study Investigators. Normal values of echocardiographic parameters in relation to age in a healthy Japanese population: the JAMP study. Circ J 2008;72:1859-66. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0171
- Yao GH, Zhang M, Yin LX, Zhang C, Xu MJ, Deng Y, Liu Y, Deng YB, Ren WD, Li ZA, Tang H, Zhang QB, Mu YM, Fang LG, Zhang Y; Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults (EMINCA) Study Investigators. Doppler echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults (EMINCA): a prospective, nationwide, and multicentre study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17: 512-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev330
- Choi JO, Shin MS, Kim MJ, Jung HO, Park JR, Sohn IS, Kim H, Park SM, Yoo NJ, Choi JH, Kim HK, Cho GY, Lee MR, Park JS, Shim CY, Kim DH, Shin DH, Shin GJ, Shin SH, Kim KH, Park JH, Lee SY, Kim WS, Park SW. Normal echocardiographic measurements in a Korean population study: part II. Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2016;24:144-52. https://doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2016.24.2.144
- Park SW. Multicenter trial for estimation of normal values of echocardiographic indices in Korea. Korean Circ J 2000;30:373-82. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2000.30.3.373
- Daimon M, Watanabe H, Abe Y, Hirata K, Hozumi T, Ishii K, Ito H, Iwakura K, Izumi C, Matsuzaki M, Minagoe S, Abe H, Murata K, Nakatani S, Negishi K, Yoshida K, Tanabe K, Tanaka N, Tokai K, Yoshikawa J; Japanese Normal Values for Echocardiographic Measurements Project (JAMP) Study Investigators. Gender differences in age-related changes in left and right ventricular geometries and functions. Echocardiography of a healthy subject group. Circ J 2011;75:2840-6. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-11-0364
- De Sutter J, De Backer J, Van de Veire N, Velghe A, De Buyzere M, Gillebert TC. Effects of age, gender, and left ventricular mass on septal mitral annulus velocity (E') and the ratio of transmitral early peak velocity to E' (E/E'). Am J Cardiol 2005;95:1020-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.01.021
- Lacolley P, Challande P, Osborne-Pellegrin M, Regnault V. Genetics and pathophysiology of arterial stiffness. Cardiovasc Res 2009;81:637-48.
- Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, Smith G, Fish RH, Steiner JF, Ordin DL, Krumholz HM. Gender, age, and heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:217-23.
- Ling S, Dai A, Dilley RJ, Jones M, Simpson E, Komesaroff PA, Sudhir K. Endogenous estrogen deficiency reduces proliferation and enhances apoptosis-related death in vascular smooth muscle cells: insights from the aromatase-knockout mouse. Circulation 2004;109:537-43. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000109699.45186.30
- Reis SE, Gloth ST, Blumenthal RS, Resar JR, Zacur HA, Gerstenblith G, Brinker JA. Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994;89:52-60. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.52
- Bursi F, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Pakhomov S, Nkomo VT, Meverden RA, Roger VL. Systolic and diastolic heart failure in the community. JAMA 2006;296:2209-16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.18.2209
- Galderisi M. Diastolic dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy: evaluation by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1548-51.