암석학회지 (The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea)

한국암석학회 (The Petrological Society of Korea)
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제주도 암석권의 성분과 진화(I): 리뷰

Composition and Evolution of Lithosphere Beneath the Jeju Island Region (I): A Review

  • 양경희 (부산대학교 지구환경시스템학부)
  • Yang, Kyounghee (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.08.10
  • 심사 : 2016.09.19
  • 발행 : 2016.09.30
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초록

제주도 현무암에 포획된 맨틀 페리도타이트에 대한 암석학적/지화학적 연구는 한반도 상부맨틀 암석권 진화에 대한 우리의 지식을 한층 높이고 있다. 제주도의 페리도타이트 포획암은 대부분 첨정석 레졸라이트이며, 그 외 하즈버가이트와 휘석암으로 이루어져 있다. 제주도 페리도타이트 포획암은 부분용융, 재결정변형작용, 교대작용을 경험한 후 맨틀에 남아있던 잔류맨틀물질임을 나타낸다. 이 포획암은 맨틀웨지 환경에 있었던 암석으로 분별부분용융에 의해 일차적으로 결핍과정을 겪었으며, 소규모의 전단대내 특정한 편압에서 소량의 반상쇄성-압쇄조직이 형성되는 재결정작용도 경험했다. 그 이후 페리도타이트는 섭입하는 슬랩 기원의 $SiO_2$, K, $H_2O$, LREE에 포화된 유체(혹은 용융체)에 의해 다양하게 교대/부화되었다. 슬랩 기원의 이 유체는감람석과 반응하여 사방휘석과 금운모를 이차적으로 형성하였다. 교대작용은 제4기 제주도 마그마 시스템보다 충분히 앞선 사건이었으며, 모마그마와는 성인적으로 관련이 없다. 이러한 교대작용에도 불구하고 제주도 상부맨틀 암석권은 비교적 높은 온도와 교대작용 이후에 주어진 충분한 시간에 의해 지화학적으로 완전한 평형상태에 도달하였다. 그 이후에 동해가 열리고 동아시아 암석권은 확장되어지면서 원시 제주암석권도 맨틀웨지 환경에서 판내부환경으로 변환되어진다. 제4기 판내부환경에서 제주도가 형성되면서 이때 상승하는 알칼리 현무암에 포획된 맨틀 페리도타이트가 지표면에 운반되어졌다. 제주 상부맨틀 암석권에서 일어난 이런 종류의 물질순환은 대륙지각하부 암석권맨틀의 진화에 상당히 중요한 역할을 했었을 것이며, 동아시아 아래 상부맨틀 암석권에 EM I, EM II와 같은 부화된 영역을 형성하는데 기여했을 수도 있다.

Our knowledge of the lithosphere beneath the Korean Peninsula has been improved through petrologic and geochemical studies of upper mantle xenoliths hosted by Quaternary intraplate alkali basalts from Jeju Island. The xenoliths are mostly spinel lherzolites, accompanied by subordinate harzburgite and pyroxenites. The mantle xenoliths represent residual mantle material showing textural and geochemical evidence for at least a three-stage evolution, fractional partial melting, recrystallization, and metasomatism. Their composition primarily controlled by early fractional melt extraction and porphyroclastic and mylonitic fabrics formed in a shear-dominated environment, which was subsequently modified by residual slab-derived fluids (or melts). Modal metasomatic products occur as both anhydrous phase(orthopyroxene) and hydrous phase (phlogopite). Late-stage orthopyroxene is more common than phlogopite. However, chemical equilibrium is evident between the primary and secondary orthopyroxene, implying that the duration of post-metasomatic high temperatures enabled complete resetting/reequilibration of the mineral compositions. The metasomatic enrichment pre-dates the host Jeju Quaternary magmatism, and a genetic relationship with the host magmas is considered unlikely. Following enrichment in the peridotite protolith in the mantle wedge, the upper mantle beneath proto-Jeju Island was transformed from a subarc environment to an intraplate environment. The Jeju peridotites, representing old subarc fragments, were subsequently transported to the surface, incorporated into ascending Quaternary intraplate alkali basalt. The result of this study implies that long term material transfer in the transformation of geotectonic setting from a subarc to intraplate may have played a significant role in the evolution of lithospheric mantle, resulting in the enriched mantle domains, such as EM I or EM II in the lithospheric mantle beneath East Asia.

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피인용 문헌

  1. Editorial : Neotectonic and Magma Evolution in the Korean Peninsula and Its Vicinity vol.25, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2016.25.3.165