DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Low intensity Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise on Weight and Histological Changes of Rat Models with Acute Myocardial Infarction

  • Ji, Sung Ha (Department of Physical Therapy, Jungang Seng Korean Oriental Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ki Jong (Department of Physical Therapy, Cheongam College)
  • 투고 : 2015.11.05
  • 심사 : 2016.01.08
  • 발행 : 2016.04.01

초록

The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of Low intensity cardiac rehabilitation, using a treadmill, on the myocardial structure. We identified the effects by analyzing changes in the rats' weights and the results of biopsies. Twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats, 50 weeks old, were randomly divided into the exercise group and the control group. myocardial infarction(MI) was induced by ligaturing their left anterior descending artery. After the acute MI induction, two rats of each group began to fall dead, therefore, eight of each group completed at the end of the experiment. We used treadmills for animals for the exercise group. This exercise group performed 30 minutes of exercise five times per week for six weeks, while the control group did not perform any exercise. No statistically significant differences in weight were found in within group comparison and between group comparison. Furthermore, we observed histological changes in the myocardium using Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining in both groups. Low-intensity exercise inhibited myocardial fibrosis, may serve as a reference in the cardiopulmonary field, which plays a role in rehabilitating patients with cardiac disorders, including acute MI.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Statistics Korea. Death rates for the 10 leading causes of death by age in 2014. 2015. http://kostat.go.kr.
  2. Moe KT, Wong P. Current trends in diagnostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2010;39(3):210-215.
  3. Lakatta EG, Gerstenblith G, Angell CS, Shock NW, Weisfeldt ML. Prolonged contraction duration in aged myocardium. Clin Invest 1975;55(1):61-68. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI107918
  4. Aronson RE, Oman RF. Views on exercise and physical activity among rural-dwelling senior citizens. J Rural Health 2004;20(1):76-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00010.x
  5. Seo KS. Hospital Based Data Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention 2010 http://www.cdc.go.kr
  6. Jung MH. Prospective Cohort Study for Acute Myocardial Infarction Prognostic and Surveillance Index. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention 2010. http://www.cdc.go.kr
  7. Greenland P, Chu JS. Efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation services with emphasis on patients after myocardial infarction. Ann intern Med 1998; 109(8):650-653. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-8-650
  8. Park SK. The Effects of Exercise therapy on Heart Rehabilitation. Sports Science Research Institute Dong-A University 2005;23;19-26.
  9. Choi HJ. MVO2 and gas exchange response to continuous and intermittent exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Unpubilshed Masters's dissertation Korea National Sports University 2000
  10. Cho HS. A Study on Effects and Prescription of Exercise for Cardiac Rehabilitation-coronary heart disease patients. Gyeonggi College 1998; 26:25-34.
  11. Choo JA, Hong KP, Jae SY, Hong SH, Park WH, Cho BR. Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Kor Circ J 1997;27(3):342-349. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.1997.27.3.342
  12. Anderson L, Taylor RS. Cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart disease: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;12:CD011273.
  13. Swift DL, Lavie, CJ, Johannsen NM, Arena R, Earnest CP, O'Keefe JH. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise training in primary and secondary coronary prevention. Circ J 2013;77(2):281-292. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-13-0007
  14. Hansen D, Dendale P, Berger J, Meeusen R. Rehabilitation in cardiac patients; what do we know about training modalities. Sports Med 2005; 35(12):1063-1084. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535120-00005
  15. Lawler PR, Filion KB, Eisenberg MJ. Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation postmyocardial infarction : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 2011;162(4) 571-584.
  16. Kokkinos PF, Choucair W, Graves P, Papademetriou V, Ellahham S. Chronic heart failure and exercise. Am Heart J 2000;140(1):21-28. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2000.106916
  17. Giannuzzi P, Temporelli PL, Corra U, Tavazzi L. Antiremodeling effect of long-term exercise training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: results of the Exercise in Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Chronic Heart Failure (ELVDCHF) Trial. Circulation 2003;108(5):554-559. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000081780.38477.FA
  18. Naughton J, Dorn J, Oberman A, Gorman PA, Cleary P. Maximal exercise systolic pressure, exercise training, and mortality in myocardial infarction patients. Am J Cardiol 2000;85(4):416-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00765-1
  19. Haykowsky M, Scott J, Esch B, Schopflocher D, Myers J, Paterson I. A meta-analysis of the effects of exercise training on leftventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction : startearly and go longer for greatest exercise benefits on remodeling. Trials 2011;12:92. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-92
  20. De Waard MC, Van der Velden J, Boontje NM, Dekkers DH, Van Haperen R, Kuster DW. Detrimental effect of combined exercise training and eNOS over expression on cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ physiol 2009; 296(5): H1513-1523. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00485.2008
  21. Kubo N, Ohmura N, Nakada I, Yasu T, Katsuki T, Fujii M. Exercise at ventilatory threshold aggravates left ventricular remodeling in patients with extensive anterior acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2004;147(1):113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00521-0
  22. Leon AS, Franklin BA, Costa F, Balady GJ, Berra KA, Stewart KJ. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity), in collaboration with the American association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation 2005;111(3):369-376. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000151788.08740.5C
  23. Michael AG, Emily AW, John QZ. Cardiac remodeling and physical training post myocardial infarction. World J cardiol 2015;7(2):52-64. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i2.52
  24. Holschneider DP, Yang J, Guo Y, Maarek JM. Reorganization of functional brain maps after exercise training: Importance of cerebellar-thalamic-cortical pathway. Brain Res 2007;12(1184):96-107.
  25. Dinga Y, Lia J, Laib Q, Rafolsc JA, Luana X, Clarka J. Motor balance and coordination training enhances functional outcome in rat with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuroscience 2004;123(3):667-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.031
  26. Gasbarr A, Pompili A, Pacitti C, Cicirata F. Comparative effects of lesions to the pontocerebellar and olivocerebellar pathways on motor and spatial learning in the rat. Neuroscience 2003; 116(4):1131-1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00780-7
  27. Ji ES, Kim YM, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Lee KS, Kim K. Treadmill exercise enhances spatial learning ability through suppressing hippocampal apoptosis in Huntington's disease rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2015;11(3):133-139. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.150212
  28. Kim DY, Jung SY, Kim TW, Lee KS, Kim KJ. Treadmill exercise decreases incidence of Alzheimer's disease by suppressing glycogen synthase kinase-$3{\beta}$ expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2015;11(2):87-94. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.150198
  29. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ôunpuu S, Bautista L, Franzosi MG, Commerford P. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005;366(9497):1640-1649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5
  30. Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1999;341(15):1097-1105. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199910073411501
  31. Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. Measures of obesity and outcomes after myocardial infarction.Circulation 2008;118(5):469-471. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.792689
  32. Zeller M, Steg PG, Ravisy J, Lorgis L, Laurent Y, Sicard P. Relation between body mass index, waist circumference, and death after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008;118(5):482-490. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.753483
  33. Garza MA, Wason EA, Zhang JQ. Cardiac remodeling and physical training post myocardial infarction. World J Cardiol 2015;7(2):52-64. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i2.52
  34. Staessen J, Fagard R, Hespel P, Lijnen P, Vanhees L, Amery A. Plasma renin system during exercise in normal men. J Appl Physiol 1987;63(1);188-194. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.188
  35. Wade CE, Claybaugh JR. Plasma renin activity, vasopressin concentration, and urinary excretory responses to exercise in men. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1980;49(6):930-936.
  36. Wan W, Powers AS, Li J, Ji L, Erikson JM, Zhang JQ. Effect of post-myocardial infarction exercise training on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cardiac function. Am J Med Sci 2007; 334(4);265-273. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318068b5ed
  37. Convertino VA, Keil LC, Greenleaf JE. Plasma volume, renin, and vasopressin responses to graded exercise after training. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1983;54(2):508-514.
  38. Braith RW, Welsch MA, Feigenbaum MS, Kluess HA, Pepine CJ. Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure is modified by endurance exercise training. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34(4):1170-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00339-3
  39. Xu X, Wan W, Powers AS, Li J, Ji LL, Lao S. Effects of exercise training on cardiac function and myocardial remodeling in post myocardial infarction rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008;44(1):114-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.10.004