Environmental Engineering Research

  • 제21권3호
  • /
  • Pages.241-246
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1226-1025(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2005-968X(eISSN)
대한환경공학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Engineers)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Emission characteristic of ammonia in cement mortars using different sand from area of production

  • Jang, Hongseok (Department of Architectural Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • So, Hyoungseok (Department of Architectural Engineering, Seonam University) ;
  • So, Seungyoung (Research Center of Industrial Technology, Department of Architectural Engineering, Chonbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.11.24
  • 심사 : 2016.04.08
  • 발행 : 2016.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This paper discusses the influence of organic matter contained in aggregate on the emission characteristic of ammonia ($NH_3$) from cement mortar. $NH_3$ can be released to indoor-outdoor environment through diffusion in mortar (or concrete) and have resulted in the increasing air pollution, and especially well known as a harmful gas for the human body. The concentration of $NH_3$ released from cement concrete was then compared to the contents of organic matter contained in the aggregate. The result indicates that the contents of organic matter in the aggregate significantly differ with types of aggregate from different areas of production. The organic matter becomes organic nitrogen through the process of microbial breakdown for a certain period and pure ammonium ion ($NH_4{^+}$) is produced from the organic nitrogen. The $NH_4{^+}$ was reacted with alkaline elements in the cement and released as $NH_3$ from cement concrete through a volatile process. The released $NH_3$ was proportional to the contents of $NH_4{^+}$ adsorbed in the aggregate from different areas of production and the concentrations of $NH_3$ emission from cement mortar according to the aggregate differ by more than 4 times.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Lopez-Aparicio S, Smolik J, Maskova L, et al. Relationship of indoor and outdoor air pollutants in a naturally ventilated historical building envelope. Build. Environ. 2011;46:1460-1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.01.013
  2. Mitchell CS, Zhang JJ, Sigsgaard T, Jantunen M, Lioy PJ, Samson R. Current state of the science: Health effects and indoor environmental quality. Environ. Health Perspect. 2007;115:958-64. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8987
  3. Tomoto T, Moriyoshi A, Sakai K, Shibata E, Kamijima M. Identification of the sources of organic compounds that decalcity cement concrete and generate alcohols and ammonia gases. Build. Environ. 2009;44:2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.12.011
  4. Liang B. Indoor air pollution-ammonia pollution, Proceeding of international workshop on indoor air quality State environmental protection administration of China. Beijing, China; 2001. p. 86-90.
  5. The Engineering ToolBox. Ammonia-NH3-concentration in air and health symptoms. http://www.Engineeringtoolbox.com/ammonia-health-symptoms-d_901html.
  6. U.S. Public Health Service. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR) toxicological profile for ammonia; 1990. p. 1-57.
  7. Amshel CE, Fealk MH, Phillips BJ, Caruso DM. Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. Burns 2000;26:493-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00176-X
  8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Occupational safety and health guideline for ammonia; 1992. p. 1-7.
  9. Wirtanen L, Eronen J, Penttala V. The moisture content and emissions from floors subjected to a moisture load. Proceedings (III) of Indoor Air 2002. Monterey, CA, USA: International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ); 2002. p. 244-249.
  10. Tuomainen M, Pasanen A, Tuomainen A. Usefulness of the Finnish classification of indoor climate, construction and finishing materials: comparison of indoor climate between two new blocks of flats in Finland. Atmos. Environ. 2000;35:305-313.
  11. Tuomainen M, Pirinen J. Tvoc, formaldehyde and ammonia levels in two new blocks of flats. Proceedings(I) of Indoor Air. Monterey, CA, USA; International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ); 2002. p. 244-248.
  12. Tidy G, Cape JN. Ammonia concentrations in houses and public buildings. Atmos. Environ. A Gen. Topics 1993;27:2335-2237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90053-2
  13. Mark T, Tom R. Research in ammonia diffusivity in Portland cement based mixes, 2001 International Ash Utilization Symposium, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentuchy; 2001. p. 100.
  14. Li Y, Wang X, Mu W. Analysis of ammonia in indoor air by oscillopolarography. 2nd Indoor Air Quality in Asia International Conference. Beijing; 1994. p. 262-267.
  15. Marcl F, David LJ, Melissam L, Nancy JB. Automated measurements of ammonia and nitric acid in indoor and outdoor air. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003;37:2114-2119. https://doi.org/10.1021/es026133x
  16. Kobayashi K. Ammonia generation from concrete and countermeasures. Concrete Journal 2000;38:22-28.
  17. Bai Z, Dong Y, Wang Z, Zhu T. Emission of ammonia from indoor concrete wall and assessment of human exposure. Environ. Int. 2006;32:303-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.06.002
  18. Sisovic A, Sega K, Kalinic N. Indoor/outdoor relationship of ammonia concentrations in selected office buildings. Sci. Total Environ. 1987;61:73-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90357-3
  19. Puhakka E, Joutsiniemi J, Karkkainen J. (1996-2000) Remedial measures against high concentrations of ammonia in buildings. 6th healthy buildings international conference; microbes, moisture and building physics, healthy buildings, 3, 451-456. Finland: Publications Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu.
  20. Brady NC, Weil RR. The Nature and properties of soils, 13th. Ed. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; 2009. p. 960.
  21. Gardiner DT, Miller RW. Soils in our environment, 10th. Ed. Pearson Edution Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; 2004. p. 641.

피인용 문헌

  1. アンモニアを対象とした室内環境学研究のこれまでと今後 vol.21, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7879/siej.21.129
  2. Indoor acids and bases vol.30, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12670
  3. EFFECT OF YELLOW LOESS ON ODOROUS GAS ADSORPTION AND ECOTOXICITY TEST USING DAPHNIA MAGNA vol.16, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.1.103
  4. Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites vol.14, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040707
  5. Indoor exposure levels of ammonia in residences, schools, and offices in China from 1980 to 2019: A systematic review vol.31, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12864
  6. Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing vol.31, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12907