DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mass culture of the brackish water cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov

기수산 요각류 Paracyclopina nana의 대량배양

  • Lee, Kyun-Woo (Marine Life & Ecosystem Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Choi, Young-Ung (Marine Life & Ecosystem Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • Received : 2016.05.24
  • Accepted : 2016.08.11
  • Published : 2016.08.31

Abstract

Marine copepods are ideal live prey for fish larvae, and many studies on the mass culture of the organism have been reported. This study performed a mass culture of the brackish copepod Paracyclopina nana containing nauplius and C4-adult production methods. In nauplius production, the harvested nauplii over 95% were comprised of N1 and N2. Daily mean nauplius production of two trials for 15 days were $6.9{\times}10^6$ and $7.2{\times}10^6$ individuals, respectively. The densities of the adult females were maintained at a similar level of the initiation during production. In C4-adult production, the proportion of harvested copepods containing C4-adult males, females and ovigerus females were 49%, 28%, and 18%, respectively. The daily mean nauplius production of the two trials for 16 days were $8.2{\times}10^5$ and $9.0{\times}10^5$ individuals, respectively. As a result, the continuous production of P. nana using the mass production system was successful. Therefore, the continuous and stable feeding for fish larvae in aquaculture would be possible by the selection of the copepod culture method depending on the mouth size of the fish.

해산 copepod는 어류 양식을 위한 초기먹이생물로 가장 이상적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 최근 이들의 대량배양에 관한 연구가 많이 시도되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는, 기수산 copepod인 Paracyclopina nana의 대량생산을 위해, 실용화 가능한 배양방법개발의 일환으로 rotifer 대체를 위한 P. nana의 nauplius 생산법과 Artemia 대체를 위한 P. nana의 C4-성체 생산법으로 나누어 대량배양을 시도하였다. P. nana의 nauplius 생산 시, 수확된 nauplius는 약 95% 이상이 N1-N2였다. 15일 동안 수확된 nauplius의 일일 평균 생산량은 1, 2차 각각 $6.9{\times}10^6$, $7.2{\times}10^6$였으며, 배양수 내의 암컷과 포란한 암컷의 수는 시간이 경과할수록 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 15일 동안 비교적 일정한 개체수를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. C4-성체의 생산시, 수확된 copepod의 비율은 C4-수컷, 암컷 및 포란한 암컷이 각각 약 49%, 28% 및 18%였으며 일일 평균 생산량은 1, 2차 각각 $8.2{\times}10^5$, $9.0{\times}10^5$ 개체였다. 결과적으로, P. nana 대량배양 방법에서 nauplius와 C4-성체의 일정한 생산이 가능하였으며 어류의 입 크기에 따라 배양 방법의 선택에 의해 연속적인 먹이 공급이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. W. C. M. Breteler, N. Schogt, and S. R. Gonzalez, "On the role of food quality in grazing and development of life stages, and genetic change of body size during cultivation of pelagic copepods", J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 135, pp. 177-189. 1990. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90117-U
  2. B. Sun and J. W. Fleeger, "Sustained mass culture of Amphiascoides atopus a marine harpacticoid copepod in a recirculating system", Aquaculture 136, pp. 313-321. 1995. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01064-5
  3. C. S. C. Pinto, L. P. Souza-Santos, and P. J. P. Santos, "Development and population dynamics of Tisbe biminiensis (Copepoda : Harpacticoida) reared on different diets", Aquaculture 198, pp. 253-267. 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00582-2
  4. R. S. J. Gapasin and M. N. Duray, "Effects of DHA-enriched live food on growth, survival and incidence of opercular deformities in milkfish (Chanos chanos)", Aquaculture 193, pp. 49-63. 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00469-5
  5. J. D. Toledo, M. S. Golez, M. Doi, and A. Ohno, "Use of copepod nauplii during early feeding stage of grouper Epinephelus coioides", Fish. Sci. 65, pp. 390-397. 1999. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.65.390
  6. M. V. Barroso, C. V. A. de Carvalho, R. Antoniassi, and V. R. Cerqueira, "Use of the copepod Acartia tonsa as the first live food for larvae of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus", Aquaculture 388, pp. 153-158. 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.022
  7. O. Karlsen, T. van der Meeren, I. Ronnestad, A. Mangor-Jensen, T. F. Galloway, E. Kjorsvik, and K. Hamre, "Copepods enhance nutritional status, growth and development in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae - can we identify the underlying factors?", Peerj 3 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.902
  8. G. R. Schipp, J. M. P. Bosmans, and A. J. Marshall, "A method for hatchery culture of tropical calanoid copepods, Acartia spp", Aquaculture 174, pp. 81-88. 1999. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00508-0
  9. M. F. Payne and R. J. Rippingale, "Intensive cultivation of the calanoid copepod Gladioferens imparipes", Aquaculture 201, 329-342. 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00608-1
  10. J. G. Stottrup and N. H. Norsker, "Production and use of copepods in marine fish larviculture", Aquaculture 155, pp. 231-247. 1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00120-8
  11. A. C. B. Ribeiro and L. P. Souza-Santos, "Mass culture and offspring production of marine harpacticoid copepod Tisbe biminiensis", Aquaculture 321, pp. 280-288. 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.09.016
  12. E. E. Lipman, K. R. Kao, and R. P. Phelps, "Production of the copepod Oithona sp. under hatchery conditions", Aquaculture 2001, 2001.
  13. G. Drillet, S. Frouel, M. H. Sichlau, P. M. Jepsen, J. K. Hojgaard, A. K. Joarder, and B. W. Hansen, "Status and recommendations on marine copepod cultivation for use as live feed", Aquaculture 315, pp. 155-166. 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.027
  14. K. W. Lee and S. M. Sim, "Effect of salinity and used medium on the induction of sexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis", J. Korea Acad. Industr. Coop. Soc. 17, pp. 692-697. 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.4.692
  15. K. W. Lee, H. G. Park, S. M. Lee, and H. K. Kang, "Effects of diets on the growth of the brackish water cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov", Aquaculture 256, pp. 346-353. 2006. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.015
  16. K. W. Lee, "Mass culture and food value of the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov", Kangnung University, Ph. D. thesis, 2004.
  17. K.-W. Lee, J.-H. Kang, and H. G. Park, "Effect of food concentration on grazing, growth and fecundity of cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana", J. Korea Acad. Industr. Coop. Soc. 13, pp. 5206-5210. 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.11.5206
  18. J. H. Chung, "Culture of copepods for use as a live food of marine fish larvae", Kangnung University, Master thesis, 2001.
  19. K.-W. Lee and H. G. Park, "Optimum culture density for the intensive mass production in cyclopoid copepod, Paracyclopina nana", J. Aquacult. 18, 19-25. 2005.
  20. A. Ohno and Y. Okamura, "Propagation of the Calanoid Copepod, Acartia-Tsuensis, in Outdoor Tanks", Aquaculture 70, pp. 39-51. 1988. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90005-1
  21. P. Santhanam and P. Perumal, "Evaluation of the marine copepod Oithona rigida Giesbrecht as live feed for larviculture of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch with special reference to nutritional value", Indian J. Fish. 59, pp. 127-134. 2012.