참고문헌
- White AH, Derby R, Wynne G. Epidural injections for the diagnosis and treatment of low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1980;5:78-86 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198001000-00014
- Bartynski WS, Grahovac SZ, Rothfus WE. Incorrect needle position during lumbar epidural steroid administration: inaccuracy of loss of air pressure resistance and requirement of fluoroscopy and epidurography during needle insertion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:502-505
- Liu SS, Melmed AP, Klos JW, Innis CA. Prospective experience with a 20-gauge Tuohy needle for lumbar epidural steroid injections: is confirmation with fluoroscopy necessary? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:143-146
- Weil L, Frauwirth NH, Amirdelfan K, Grant D, Rosenberg JA. Fluoroscopic analysis of lumbar epidural contrast spread after lumbar interlaminar injection. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:413-416 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.161
- Botwin KP, Natalicchio J, Hanna A. Fluoroscopic guided lumbar interlaminar epidural injections: a prospective evaluation of epidurography contrast patterns and anatomical review of the epidural space. Pain Physician 2004;7:77-80
- Stitz MY, Sommer HM. Accuracy of blind versus fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999;24:1371-1376 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199907010-00016
- Trentman TL, Rosenfeld DM, Seamans DP, Hentz JG, Stanek JP. Vasovagal reactions and other complications of cervical vs. lumbar translaminar epidural steroid injections. Pain Pract 2009;9:59-64 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00242.x
- Kennedy DJ, Dreyfuss P, Aprill CN, Bogduk N. Paraplegia following image-guided transforaminal lumbar spine epidural steroid injection: two case reports. Pain Med 2009;10:1389-1394 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00728.x
- Bogduk N, Dreyfuss P, Baker R, Yin W, Landers M, Hammer M, et al. Complications of spinal diagnostic and treatment procedures. Pain Med 2008;9:S11-S34 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00437.x
- Fitzgibbon DR, Posner KL, Domino KB, Caplan RA, Lee LA, Cheney FW; American Society of Anesthesiologists. Chronic pain management: American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project. Anesthesiology 2004;100:98-105 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200401000-00018
- Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Moss TL, Pampati V. Radiation exposure to the physician in interventional pain management. Pain Physician 2002;5:385-393
- Friedly J, Chan L, Deyo R. Increases in lumbosacral injections in the Medicare population: 1994 to 2001. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32:1754-1760 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b9f96e
- Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Moss TL, Rivera J, Pampati V. Risk of whole body radiation exposure and protective measures in fluoroscopically guided interventional techniques: a prospective evaluation. BMC Anesthesiol 2003;3:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-3-2
- Rosenthal LS, Mahesh M, Beck TJ, Saul JP, Miller JM, Kay N, et al. Predictors of fluoroscopy time and estimated radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:451-458 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00356-7
- Mahesh M. Fluoroscopy: patient radiation exposure issues. Radiographics 2001;21:1033-1045 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl271033
- Aufrichtig R, Xue P, Thomas CW, Gilmore GC, Wilson DL. Perceptual comparison of pulsed and continuous fluoroscopy. Med Phys 1994;21:245-256 https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597285
- Pfirrmann CW, Oberholzer PA, Zanetti M, Boos N, Trudell DJ, Resnick D, et al. Selective nerve root blocks for the treatment of sciatica: evaluation of injection site and effectiveness--a study with patients and cadavers. Radiology 2001;221:704-711 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2213001635
- Lee JW, Kim SH. Epidural steroid injection. Neurointervention 2008;3:20-27
- The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103. Ann ICRP 2007;37:1-332
- 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 1991;21:1-201 https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6453(91)90065-O
- Shope TB. Radiation-induced skin injuries from fluoroscopy. Radiographics 1996;16:1195-1199 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.16.5.8888398
- Turner JE. Atoms, radiation, and radiation protection. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2007
- Parr AT, Diwan S, Abdi S. Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician 2009;12:163-188
- Reitman CA, Watters W 3rd. Subdural hematoma after cervical epidural steroid injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002;27:E174-E176 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200203150-00022
- Rozin L, Rozin R, Koehler SA, Shakir A, Ladham S, Barmada M, et al. Death during transforaminal epidural steroid nerve root block (C7) due to perforation of the left vertebral artery. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2003;24:351-355 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000097790.45455.45
- Goodman BS, Posecion LW, Mallempati S, Bayazitoglu M. Complications and pitfalls of lumbar interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2008;1:212-222 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-008-9035-2
- Karambatsakidou A, Tornvall P, Saleh N, Chouliaras T, Lofberg PO, Fransson A. Skin dose alarm levels in cardiac angiography procedures: is a single DAP value sufficient? Br J Radiol 2005;78:803-809 https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/14000648
- Bogaert E, Bacher K, Thierens H. A large-scale multicentre study in Belgium of dose area product values and effective doses in interventional cardiology using contemporary X-ray equipment. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008;128:312-323
- Wagner LK, Eifel PJ, Geise RA. Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:71-84 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-0443(94)71456-1
- Shim DM, Kim YM, Oh SK, Lim CM, Kown BT. Radiation induced hand necrosis of an orthopaedic surgeon who had treated a patient with fluoroscopy-guided spine injection. J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014;49:250-254 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2014.49.3.250
- Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Moss TL, Pampati V. Effectiveness of protective measures in reducing risk of radiation exposure in interventional pain management: a prospective evaluation. Pain Physician 2003;6:301-305
- Botwin KP, Thomas S, Gruber RD, Torres FM, Bouchlas CC, Rittenberg JJ, et al. Radiation exposure of the spinal interventionalist performing fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:697-701 https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.32439
- Botwin KP, Freeman ED, Gruber RD, Torres-Rames FM, Bouchtas CG, Sanelli JT, et al. Radiation exposure to the physician performing fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections. Pain Physician 2001;4:343-348
피인용 문헌
- The radiation safety education and the pain physicians' efforts to reduce radiation exposure vol.30, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2017.30.2.104
- Comparison of clinical efficacy in epidural steroid injections through transforaminal or parasagittal approaches vol.30, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2017.30.3.220
- Radiation safety: a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields in interventional pain management vol.31, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.4.244
- Variability in Fluoroscopic Time during Interventional Non-Cardiac Procedures Performed Outside of the Radiology Department vol.7, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmpcero.2018.74039