Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Different Cutting Height on Nutritional Quality of Whole Crop Barley Silage and Feed Value on Hanwoo Heifers

  • Kim, Dong Hyeon (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Amanullah, Sardar M. (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyuk Jun (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Joo, Young Ho (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Han, Ouk Kyu (National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Adesogan, Adegbola T. (Department of Animal Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida) ;
  • Kim, Sam Churl (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2016.02.03
  • Accepted : 2016.04.13
  • Published : 2016.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of different cutting height on nutritive value, fermentation quality, in vitro and in vivo digestibility of whole crop barley silage. Whole crop barley forage (Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at height of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the ground level. Each cutting height was rolled to make round bale and ensiled for 100 days. After 100 days of ensiling, pH of silage was lower (p<0.05) in 5 cm, but no difference between 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. The content of lactate and lactate to acetate ratio were increased (p<0.05) in 5 cm of cutting height, whereas the acetate content was higher (p<0.05) in 10 and 15 cm than that of 5 cm cutting height. Aerobic stability was greater (p<0.05) in silages of 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were formulated with silages from the three different cutting heights (TMR5, TMR10, and TMR15) incorporated as forage at 70:30 ratio with concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR5 and TMR10 than that in TMR15, whereas in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR10 and TMR15 than that in TMR5. Concentration of $NH_3-N$ was highest (p<0.05) in the TMR10 followed by TMR15 and TMR5. Total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.05) with increased cutting height. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber were highest (p<0.05) in TMR15, than those in TMR5 and TMR10, whereas acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in TMR5 than that in TMR10. The results showed that increasing cutting height, at least up to 10 to 15 cm, of whole crop barley forage at harvest (Yuyeon) may be beneficial for making silage for TMR formulation and increasing digestibility of DM and NDF.

Keywords

References

  1. Archer, J. A., E. C. Richardson, R. M. Herd, and P. F. Arthur. 1999. Potential for selection to improve efficiency of feed use in beef cattle: a review. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50:147-162. https://doi.org/10.1071/A98075
  2. Arriola, K. G., S. C. Kim, C. R. Staples, and A. T. Adesogan. 2011. Effect of applying bacterial inoculants containing different types of bacteria to corn silage on the performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 94:3973-3979. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4070
  3. Adesogan, A. T., N. K. Krueger, M. B. Salawu, D. B. Dean, and C. R. Staples. 2004. The influence of treatment with dual-purpose bacterial inoculants or soluble carbohydrates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of bermudagrass. J. Dairy Sci. 87:3407-3416. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73476-1
  4. Adesogan, A. T., N. K. Krueger, and S. C. Kim. 2005. A novel, wireless, automated system for measuring fermentation gas production kinetics of feeds and its application to feed characterization. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 123-124:211-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.058
  5. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist). 1965. Official Method of Analysis, 10th edn. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.
  6. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist). 1984. Official Method of Analysis, 14th edn. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.
  7. Bernard, J. K., J. W. West, D. S. Trammell, and G. H. Cross. 2004. Influence of corn variety and cutting height on nutritive value of silage fed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2172-2176. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70037-5
  8. Caetano, H., M. D. S. de Oliveira, J. E. de Freitas Jr., A. C. de Rego, F. P. Renno, and M. V. de Carvalho. 2011. Evaluation of corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights for ensilage. R. Bras. Zootec. 40:12-19. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000100003
  9. Courtin, M. G. and S. F. Spoelstra. 1990. A simulation model of the microbiological and chemical changes accompanying the initial stage of aerobic deterioration of silage. Grass Forage Sci. 45:153-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1990.tb02196.x
  10. Eun, J. S. and K. A. Beauchemin. 2006. Supplementation with combinations of exogenous enzymes: Effects on in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. Final report to Dyadic International Inc. Agriculture and Agrifood Research Centre Report, Lethbridge, Canada.
  11. France, J. and J. Dijkstra. 2005. Volatile fatty acid production. In: Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. (Eds. J. Dijkstra, J. M. Forbes, and J. France). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. pp. 157-176.
  12. Ji, H. C., J. I. Ju, and H. B. Lee. 2007. Feed value and yield of whole crop barley varieties depend on organic content. J. Korean Grassl. Sci. 27:263-268. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2007.27.4.263
  13. Kennington, L. R., C. W. Hunt, J. I. Szasz, A. V. Grove, and W. Kezar. 2005. Effect of cutting height and genetics on composition, intake, and digestibility of corn silage by beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1445-1454. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.8361445x
  14. KFS (Korean Feeding Standard). 2002. Korean Feeding Standard for Korean Cattle (Hanwoo). National Livestock Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Gwacheon, Korea.
  15. Krueger, N. A. and A. T. Adesogan. 2008. Effects of different mixtures of fibrolytic enzymes on digestion and fermentation of bahiagrass hay. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 145:84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.041
  16. Krueger, N. A., A. T. Adesogan, C. R. Staples, W. K. Krueger, D. B. Dean, and R. C. Littell. 2008. The potential to increase digestibility of tropical grasses with a fungal, ferulic acid esterase enzyme preparation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145:95-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.042
  17. Kung, L. Jr. and N. K. Ranjit. 2001. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1149-1155. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74575-4
  18. Lynch, J. P., J. Baah, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2015. Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1214-1224. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8768
  19. MIFAFF. 2011. Counterplan on Increasing of Forage Production. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gwacheon, Korea. pp. 2-5.
  20. Neylon, J. M. and L. Kung, Jr. 2003. Effects of cutting height and maturity on the nutritive value of corn silage for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2163-2169. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73806-5
  21. Nsereko, V. L., B. K. Smiley, W. M. Rutherford, A. Spielbauer, K. J. Forrester, G. H. Hettinger, E. K. Harman, and B. R. Harman. 2008. Influence of inoculating forage with lactic acid bacterial strains that produce ferulate esterase on ensilage and ruminal degradation of fiber. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145:122-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.039
  22. Oba, M. and M. S. Allen. 1999. Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:589-596. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75271-9
  23. Oude Elferink, S. J. W. H., J. Kooneman, J. C. Gottschal, S. F. Spoelstra, F. Faber, and F. Driehuis. 2001. Anaerobic conversion of lactic acid to acetic acid and 1, 2-propanediol by Lactobacillus buchneri. Appl. Environ. Microb. 67:125-132. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.1.125-132.2001
  24. Park, T. I., O. K. Han, J. H. Seo, J. S. Choi, K. H. Park, and J. G. Kim. 2008. New barley cultivars with improved morphological characteristics for whole crop forage in Korea. J. Korean. Grassl. Forage Sci. 28:193-202. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2008.28.3.193
  25. SAS (Statistical Analysis System) Institute Inc. 2002. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 9. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  26. Shaver, R. D. 2003. Practical application of new forage quality tests. In: Proceedings of the 6th Western Dairy Management Conference, Reno, NV, USA. pp. 22-25.
  27. Sinclair, L. A., R. G. Wikinson, and D. M. R. Ferguson. 2003. Effects of crop maturity and cutting height on the nutritive value of fermented whole crop wheat and milk production in dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 81:257-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00261-0
  28. Song, T. H., O. K. Han, S. K. Yun, T. I. Park, and H. J. Kim. 2011. Effect of harvest time on yield and feed value of whole crop barleys with different awn types. J. Korean Grassl. Forage Sci. 31:361-370. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.4.361
  29. Taylor, C. C., N. J. Ranjit, J. A. Mills, J. M. Neylon, and L. Kung Jr. 2002. The effect of treating whole-plant barley with lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1793-1800. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74253-7
  30. Tolera, A. and F. Sundstol. 1999. Morphological fractions of maize stover harvested at different stages of grain maturity and nutritive value of different fractions of the stover. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 81:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00072-3
  31. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  32. Van Soest, P. J., R. H. Wine, and L. A. Moore. 1966. Estimation of the true digestibility of forages by the in vitro digestion of cell walls. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Grassland Congress. Finish Grassl. Assoc., Helsinki, Finland. pp. 438-441.
  33. Walsh, K., P. O'Kiely, A. P. Moloney, and T. M. Boland. 2008. Intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and performance of beef cattle fed diets based on whole-crop wheat or barley harvested at two cutting heights relative to maize silage or ad libitum concentrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 144:257-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.018
  34. Weissbach, F. 1996. New developments in crop conservation. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Silage Conference, IGER (Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research), Aberystwyth, UK. pp. 11-25.
  35. Weller, R. F. 1992. The national whole crop cereals survey. In: Whole-crop Cereals (Eds. B. A. Stark and J. M. Wilkinson). Chalcombe Publications, Canterbury, UK. pp. 137-156.
  36. Weller, R. F., A. Cooper, and M. S. Dhanoa. 1995. The selections of winter wheat varieties for whole-crop cereal conservation. Grass Forage Sci. 50:172-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02310.x
  37. Wu, Z. and G. Roth. 2005. Considerations in managing cutting height of corn silage: Extension publication DAS 03-72. Pennsylvania State University, College Park, MD, USA.
  38. Yun, S. K., T. I. Park, J. H. Seo, K. H. Kim, T. H. Song, K. H. Park, and O. K. Han. 2009. Effect of harvest time and cultivars on forage yield and quality of whole crop barley. J. Korean Grassl. Forage Sci. 29:121-128. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2009.29.2.121
  39. Zahiruddini, H., J. Baah, W. Absalom, and T. A. McAllister. 2004. Effect of an inoculant and hydrolytic enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value of whole crop barley silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 117:317-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.08.013

Cited by

  1. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a roughage source for beef cattle vol.31, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0871
  2. A Comparison of Rice Straw and Whole-Crop Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Silage Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Steers vol.10, pp.21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217725
  3. Impact of Packing Density on the Bacterial Community, Fermentation, and In Vitro Digestibility of Whole-Crop Barley Silage vol.11, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070672