Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Characteristics of Ionic and Carbonaceous Compounds in PM2.5 and High Concentration Events in Chuncheon, Korea

강원도 춘천에서 측정한 PM2.5의 탄소 및 이온성분 농도 특성 및 고농도 사례 분석

  • Cho, Sung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Pyung-Rae (Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Han, Young-Ji (School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Woong (Department Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yi, Seung-Muk (Department of Environmental Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
  • 조성환 (강원대학교 자연과학대학 환경학과) ;
  • 김평래 (강원대학교 자연과학대학 환경학과) ;
  • 한영지 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 환경융합학부) ;
  • 김현웅 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이승묵 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.06
  • Accepted : 2016.08.19
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

Anthropogenic emissions of $PM_{2.5}$ in Chuncheon are considered to be low according to the national emissions inventory; however, the atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations have been reported to be higher than or at least similar to those measured in metropolitan (e.g. Seoul) and/or in industrial cities (e.g. Incheon, Ulsan). In this study, the concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and its ionic and carbonaceous compounds were measured from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014 in Chuncheon, Korea to identify the characteristics of high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration event. Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was $34.6{\mu}g/m^3$, exceeding the annual air quality standard ($25{\mu}g/m^3$). The most abundant compound was organic carbon (OC), comprising 26% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, followed by $SO_4{^{2-}}$. Among 14 high concentration events, three events showed clearly enhanced contributions of OC, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ to $PM_{2.5}$ under the fog events. One event observed in summer showed high concentration of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ while the high wind speeds and the low $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratios were observed for the two high concentration events. These results indicate that the secondary aerosol formation under the fog events and high atmospheric temperature as well as the regional and/or the long-range transport were important on enhancing $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Chuncheon. Cluster analysis based on back trajectories also suggested the significant impacts of regional transport from China and metropolitan areas of Korea on $PM_{2.5}$ in Chuncheon.

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