Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of pile geometry on bearing capacity of open-ended piles driven into sands

  • Kumara, Janaka J. (Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo University of Science) ;
  • Kurashina, Takashi (Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo University of Science) ;
  • Kikuchi, Yoshiaki (Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo University of Science)
  • Received : 2014.08.27
  • Accepted : 2016.05.12
  • Published : 2016.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Bearing capacity of open-ended piles depends largely on inner frictional resistance, which is influenced by the degree of soil plugging. While a fully-plugged open-ended pile produces a bearing capacity similar to a closed-ended pile, fully coring (or unplugged) pile produces a much smaller bearing capacity. In general, open-ended piles are driven under partially-plugged mode. The formation of soil plug may depend on many factors, including wall thickness at the pile tip (or inner pile diameter), sleeve height of the thickened wall at the pile tip and relative density. In this paper, we studied the effects of wall thickness at the pile base and sleeve height of the thickened wall at the pile tip on bearing capacity using laboratory model tests. The tests were conducted on a medium dense sandy ground. The model piles with different tip thicknesses and sleeve heights of thickened wall at the pile tip were tested. The results were also discussed using the incremental filling ratio and plug length ratio, which are generally used to describe the degree of soil plugging. The results showed that the bearing capacity increases with tip thickness. The bearing capacity of piles of smaller sleeve length (e.g., ${\leq}1D$; D is pile outer diameter) was found to be dependent on the sleeve length, while it is independent on the sleeve length of greater than a 1D length. We also found that the soil plug height is dependent on wall thickness at the pile base. The results on the incremental filling ratio revealed that the thinner walled piles produce higher degree of soil plugging at greater penetration depths. The results also revealed that the soil plug height is dependent on sleeve length of up to 2D length and independent beyond a 2D length. The piles of a smaller sleeve length (e.g., ${\leq}1D$) produce higher degree of soil plugging at shallow penetration depths while the piles of a larger sleeve length (e.g., ${\geq}2D$) produce higher degree of soil plugging at greater penetration depths.

Keywords

References

  1. API (2006), DRAFT recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms-Working stress design; American Petroleum Institute, Washington D.C., USA.
  2. De Nicola, A. and Randolph, M.F. (1997), "The plugging behavior of driven and jacked piles in sand", Geotechnique, 47(4), 841-856. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1997.47.4.841
  3. Gudavalli, S.R., Safaqah, O. and Seo, H. (2013), "Effect of soil plugging on axial capacity of open-ended pipe piles in sands", Proceeding of 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris, France, September, pp. 1487-1490.
  4. Hettler, A. (1982), "Approximation formulae for piles under tension", Proceeding of IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, Delft, Netherlands, August-September, pp. 603-608.
  5. Jardine, R.J. and Chow, F.C. (1996), New Design Methods for Offshore Piles, MTD Publication, London, UK.
  6. JRA (2002), Specifications for Highway Bridges, Japan Road Association, Tokyo, Japan. [In Japanese]
  7. Kikuchi, Y (2011), "Mechanism of inner friction of an open-ended pile", Proceeding of 3rd IPA International Workshop (Press-in Engineering 2011), Shanghai, China, October, pp. 65-83.
  8. Lehane, B.M. and Gavin, K.G. (2001), "Base resistance of jacked pipe piles in sand", J. Geotech Geoenviron. Eng., 127(6), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:6(473)
  9. Lehane, B.M. and Randolph, M.F. (2002), "Evaluation of a minimum base resistance for driven pipe piles in siliceous sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(3), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:3(198)
  10. Lehane, B.M., Schneider, J.A. and Xu, X. (2005), A review of design methods for offshore driven piles in siliceous sand; UWA Report No. GEO 05358, Perth, Australia, pp. 683-689.
  11. Miller, G.A. and Lutenegger, A.J. (1997), "Influence of pile plugging on skin friction in overconsolidated clay", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(6), 525-533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:6(525)
  12. Nauroy, J.F. and Tirant, L.P. (1983), "Model tests of piles in calcareous sands", Proceeding of Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering, Austin, TX, USA, April, pp. 356-369.
  13. Paik, K.H. and Lee, D.R. (1993), "Behavior of soil plugs in open ended model piles driven into sands", Marine Georesour. Geotechnol., 11(4), 353-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641199309379929
  14. Paik, K. and Salgado, R. (2002), "Determination of bearing capacity of open-ended piles in sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:1(46)
  15. Paik, K. and Salgado, R. (2004), "Effect of pile installation method on pipe pile behavior in sands", Geotech. Test. J., 27(1), 11-22.
  16. Paik, K., Salgado, R., Lee, J. and Kim, B. (2003), "Behavior of open-and closed-ended piles driven into sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(4), 296-306. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:4(296)
  17. Paikowsky, S.G. and Whitman, R.V. (1990), "The effects of plugging on pile performance and design", Can. Geotech. J., 27(4), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-059
  18. Paikowsky, S.G., Whitman, R.V. and Baligh, M.M. (1989), "A new look at the phenomenon of offshore pile plugging", Marine Geotechnol., 8(3), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198909379869
  19. Randolph, M.F., Steinfelt, J.S. and Wroth, C.P. (1979), "The effect of pile type on design parameters for driven piles", Proceeding of 7th European Conference on Soil Mechanics, London, UK, September, Volume 2, pp. 107-114.
  20. Randolph, M.F., May, M., Leong, E.C., Hyden, A.M., Murff, J.D. (1992), "Soil plug response in open-ended pipe piles", J. Geotech. Eng., 118(5), 743-759. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:5(743)
  21. Schneider, J.A., Xu, X. and Lehane, B.M. (2008), "Database assessment of CPT-based design methods for axial capacity of driven piles in siliceous sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(9), 1227-1244. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:9(1227)
  22. Szechy, C.H. (1961), "The effect of vibration and driving upon the voids in granular soil surrounding a pile", Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Paris, France, month, Volume 2, pp. 161-164.
  23. Tomlinson, M.J. (2004), Pile Design and Construction Practice, E & FN Spon, London, UK.
  24. Yu, F. and Yang, J. (2010), "Base capacity of open-ended steel pipe piles in sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(9), 1116-1128.
  25. Zhang, L., Tang, W.H., Zhang, L. and Zheng, J. (2004), "Reducing uncertainty of prediction from empirical correlations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(5), 526-534. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:5(526)

Cited by

  1. Axial Uplift Behaviour of Belled Piers in Coarse-Grained Saline Soils vol.2018, pp.1687-8094, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4735423
  2. Stability Analysis for Cofferdams of Pile Wall Frame Structures vol.23, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1320-7
  3. 3D Numerical Response of a Single Pile Under Uplift Loading Embedded in Sand vol.37, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00913-1
  4. A novel approach for predicting lateral displacement caused by pile installation vol.20, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.147
  5. End shape and rotation effect on steel pipe pile installation effort and bearing resistance vol.23, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.23.6.523