Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurement of rivulet movement and thickness on inclined cable using videogrammetry

  • Jing, Haiquan (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Xia, Yong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Xu, Youlin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Li, Yongle (Department of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2015.09.30
  • Accepted : 2016.05.17
  • Published : 2016.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Stay cables in some cable-stayed bridges suffer large amplitude vibrations under the simultaneous occurrence of rain and wind. This phenomenon is called rain-wind-induced vibration (RWIV). The upper rivulet oscillating circumferentially on the inclined cable surface plays an important role in this phenomenon. However, its small size and high sensitivity to wind flow make measuring rivulet size and its movement challenging. Moreover, the distribution of the rivulet along the entire cable has not been measured. This paper applies the videogrammetric technique to measure the movement and geometry dimension of the upper rivulet along the entire cable during RWIV. A cable model is tested in an open-jet wind tunnel with artificial rain. RWIV is successfully reproduced. Only one digital video camera is employed and installed on the cable during the experiment. The camera records video clips of the upper rivulet and cable movements. The video clips are then transferred into a series of images, from which the positions of the cable and the upper rivulet at each time instant are identified by image processing. The thickness of the upper rivulet is also estimated. The oscillation amplitude, equilibrium position, and dominant frequency of the rivulet are presented. The relationship between cable and rivulet variations is also investigated. Results demonstrate that this non-contact, non-intrusive measurement method has good resolution and is cost effective.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Council of Hong Kong

References

  1. Bi, J.H., Wang, J., Shao, Q., Lu, P., Guan, J. and Li, Q.B. (2013), "2D numerical analysis on evolution of water film and cable vibration response subject to wind and rain", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 121, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.07.018
  2. Chen, W.L., Tang, S.R., Li, H. and Hu, H. (2013), "Influence of dynamic properties and position of rivulet on rain-wind-induced vibration of stay cables", J. Bridge Eng., 18(10), 1021-1031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000443
  3. Cheng, P., Li, H., Fuster, D., Chen, W.L. and Zaleski, S. (2015), "Multi-scale simulation of rainwater morphology evolution on a cylinder subjected to wind", Comput. Fluid, 123, 112-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.09.016
  4. Cosentino, N., Flamand, O. and Ceccoli, C. (2003), "Rain-wind induced vibration of inclined stay cables, Part I: experimental investigation and physical explanation", Wind Struct., 6(6), 471-484. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2003.6.6.471
  5. Gu, M. and Du, X.Q. (2005), "Experimental investigation of rain-wind-induced vibration of cables in cable-stayed bridges and its mitigation", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93, 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.09.003
  6. Hikami, Y. and Shiraishi, N. (1988), "Rain-wind induced vibrations of cables stayed bridges", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 29, 408-418.
  7. Hu, H., Wang, B., Zhang, K., Lohry, W. and Zhang, S. (2015), "Quantification of transient behavior of wind-driven surface droplet/rivulet flows using a digital fringe projection technique", J. Visualization, 18, 705-718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-014-0264-8
  8. Jing, H.Q., Xia, Y., Li, H., Xu, Y.L. and Li, Y.L. (2015), "Study on the role of rivulets in rain-wind induced cable vibration through wind tunnel testing", J. Fluid Struct., 59, 316-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.09.008
  9. Lee, J.J. and Shinozuka, M. (2006), "Real-time displacement measurement of a flexible bridge using digital image processing techniques", Exp. Mech., 46, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-006-6124-2
  10. Lemaitre, C., de Langre, E. and Hemon, P. (2010), "Rainwater rivulets running on a stay cable subject to wind", Eur. J. Mech. B, 29(4), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2010.02.007
  11. Lemaitre, C., Hemon, P. and de Langre, E. (2007), "Thin water film around a cable subject to wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95, 1259-1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.007
  12. Li, F.C., Chen, W.L., Li, H. and Zhang, R. (2010a), "An ultrasonic transmission thickness measurement system for study of water rivulets characteristics of stay cables suffering from wind-rain-induced vibration", Sens. Actuators A, 159(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2010.01.036
  13. Li, H., Chen, W.L., Xu, F., Li, F.C. and Ou, J.P. (2010b), "A numerical and experimental hybrid approach for the investigation of aerodynamic forces on stay cables suffering from RWIV", J. Fluid Struct., 26(7-8), 1195-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.06.006
  14. Li, Y.L., Jing H.Q., Xia Y., Xu Y.L. and Xiang H.Y. (2015), "Measurement of rivulet movement on inclined cables during rain-wind induced vibration", Sens. Actuat. A, 230, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.03.040
  15. Main, J.A. and Jones, N.P. (1999), "Full-scale measurements of stay cable vibration", Wind Engineering into the 21st Century, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 963-970.
  16. Matsumoto, M., Saitoh, T., Kitazawa, M., Shirato, H. and Nishizaki, T. (1995), "Response characteristics of rain-wind Induced vibrations of stay-cables of cable-stayed bridges", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 57, 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(95)00010-O
  17. Matsumoto, M., Shiraishi, N. and Shirato, H. (1992), "Rain-wind induced vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 43, 2011-2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90628-N
  18. Matsumoto, M., Yagi, T., Goto, M. and Sakai, S. (2003), "Rain-wind-induced vibration of inclined cables at limited high reduced wind velocity region", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00331-8
  19. Matsumoto, M., Yokoyama, K., Miyata, T., Fujino, Y. and Yamaguchi, H. (1989), "Wind- induced cable vibration of cable-stayed bridges in Japan", Proceedings of the Canada-Japan Workshop on Bridge Aerodynamics, 101-110.
  20. Ni, Y.Q., Wang, X.Y., Chen, Z.Q. and Ko, J.M. (2007). "Field observations of rain-wind induced cable vibration in cable-stayed Dongting Lake Bridge", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95, 303-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.07.001
  21. Ohshima, K. and Nanjo, M. (1987), "Aerodynamic stability of the cables of a cable-stayed bridge subject to rain (a case study of the Ajigawa Bridge)", Proceedings of the 3rd US-Japan Bridge Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan.
  22. Pankanin, G.L., Kulinczak, A. and Berlinski, J. (2007), "Investigations of Karman vortex street using flow visualization and image processing", Sens. Actuat. A, 138, 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2007.05.005
  23. Robertson, A.C., Taylor, I.J., Wilson, S.K., Duffy, B.R. and Sullivan, J.M. (2010), "Numerical simulation of rivulet evolution on a horizontal cable subject to an external aerodynamic field", J. Fluid Struct., 26(1), 50-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2009.09.003
  24. Saito, T., Matsumoto, M. and Kitazawa, M. (1994), "Rain-wind excitation of cables on cable-stayed Higashi-Kobe Bridge and cable vibration control", Proceedings of Conference on Cable-Stayed and Suspension Bridges.
  25. Seidel, C. and Dinkler, D. (2006), "Rain-wind induced vibrations-phenomenology, mechanical modeling and numerical analysis", Comput. Struct., 84(24-25), 1584-1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.01.033
  26. Taylor, I.J. and Robertson, A.C. (2011), "Numerical simulation of the airflow- rivulet interaction associated with the rain-wind induced vibration phenomenon", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 99, 931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.03.012
  27. Taylor, I.J. and Robertson, A.C. (2015), "Numerical investigation of the coupled interaction between an unsteady aerodynamic flow field and a water film coating on a circular cylinder", J. Fluid Struct., 54, 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.11.008
  28. Wang, L.Y. and Xu, L.Y. (2003), "Analytical study of wind-rain-induced cable vibration: 2DOF model", Wind Struct., 6(4), 291-306. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2003.6.4.291
  29. Wang, Y., Chen, Q. and Zhang, B.M. (1999), "Image enhancement based on equal area dualistic sub-image histogram equalization method", IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 45, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1109/30.754419
  30. Wilde, K. and Witkowski, W. (2003), "Simple model of rain-wind-induced vibrations of stayed cables", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 873-891. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(03)00020-5
  31. Xia, Y. and Fujino, Y. (2006), "Auto-parametric vibration of a cable-stayed-beam structure under random excitation", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 132(3), 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:3(279)
  32. Xu, Y.L. and Wang, L.Y. (2003). "Analytical study of wind-rain-induced cable vibration: SDOF model", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00333-1
  33. Ye, X.W., Ni, Y.Q., Wai, T.T., Wong, K.Y., Zhang, X.M. and Xu, F. (2013), "A vision-based system for dynamic displacement measurement of long-span bridges: algorithm and verification", Smart Struct. Syst., 12(3-4), 363-379. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2013.12.3_4.363
  34. Ye, X.W., Yi, T.H., Dong, C.Z., Liu, T. and Bai, H. (2015), "Multi-point displacement monitoring of bridges using a vision-based approach", Wind Struct., 20(2), 315-326. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.315
  35. Zhou, X.Q., Xia, Y., Wei, Z.L. and Wu, Q.X. (2012). "A videogrammetric technique for measuring the vibration displacement of stay cables", Geo-spatial Inform. Sci., 15, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2012.714105
  36. Zuo, D.L., Jones, N.P. and Main, J.A. (2008). "Field observation of vortex- and rain-wind-induced stay-cable vibrations in a three-dimensional environment", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96, 1124-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.046

Cited by

  1. In-plane modal frequencies and mode shapes of two stay cables interconnected by uniformly distributed cross-ties vol.417, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.12.004
  2. Excitation mechanism of rain–wind induced cable vibration in a wind tunnel vol.68, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.10.006
  3. Parametric studies on the dynamic properties of stay cables interconnected with uniformly distributed cross-ties pp.2048-4011, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218786544
  4. Experimental verification of the effectiveness of elastic cross-ties in suppressing wake-induced vibrations of staggered stay cables vol.167, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.033
  5. Development of a full-scale magnetorheological damper model for open-loop cable vibration control vol.23, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.6.553
  6. Thickness Measurement of Water Film/Rivulets Based on Grayscale Index vol.11, pp.23, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232871