References
- Ahmed, S.B., Tlili, M.M. and Amor, M.B. (2008) Influence of a polyacrylate antiscalant on gypsum nucleation and growth, Cryst. Res. Technol., 43, pp. 935-942.
- American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation (2012) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd ed., Washington, D.C.
- Antony, A., Low, J.H., Gray, S., Childress, A.E., Le-Clech, P. and Leslie, G. (2011) Scale formation and control in high pressure membrane water treatment: A review, J. Membr. Sci., 383, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.054
- Fritzmann, C., Lowenberg, J., Wintgens, T. and Melin, T. (2007) State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination, Desalination, 216(1-3), pp. 1-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009
- Greenlee, L.F., Lawler, D.F., Freeman, B.D., Marrot, B. and Moulin, P. (2009) Reverse osmosis desalination: water sources, technology, and today's challenges, Water Res., 43, pp. 2317-2348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.010
- Greenlee, L.F., Testa, F., Lawler, D.F., Freeman, B.D. and Moulin P. (2010) The effect of antiscalant addition on calcium carbonate precipitation for a simplified synthetic brackish water reverse osmosis concentrate, Water Res. 44, pp. 2957-2969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.024
- Holloway, R.W., Miller-Robbie, L., Patel, M., Stokes, J.R., Munakata-Marr, J., Dadakis, J. and Cath, T.Y. (2016) Life-cycle assessment of two potable water reuse technologies: MF/RO/UV-AOP treatment and hybrid osmotic membrane bioreactors, J. Membr. Sci., 507, pp. 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.01.045
-
Joss, A., Baenninger, C., Foa, P., Koepke, S., Krauss, M., McArdell, C.S., Rottermann, K., Wei, Y., Zapata, A. and Siegrist, H. (2011) Water reuse: >90% water yield in MBR/RO through concentrate recycling and
$CO_2$ addition as scaling control, Water. Res., 45, pp. 6141-6151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.011 - Kelle Zeiher, E.H., Ho, B. and Williams, K.D. (2003) Novel antiscalant dosing control, Desalination, 157, pp. 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00400-4
- Lee, S., Kim, J. and Lee, C.H. (1999) Analysis of CaSO4 scale formation mechanism in various nanofiltration modules, J. Membr. Sci., 163, pp. 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00156-8
- Ma, W., Zhao, Y. and Wang, L. (2007) The pretreatment with enhanced coagulation and a UF membrane for seawater desalination with reverse osmosis, Desalination, 203, pp. 256-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.020
- Pervov, A.G. (1991) Scale formation prognosis and cleaning procedure schedules in reverse osmosis systems operation, Desalination, 83, pp. 77-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(91)85087-B
- Prihasto, N., Liu, Q.F. and Kim, S.H. (2009) Pre-treatment strategies for seawater desalination by reverse osmosis system, Desalination, 249, pp. 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.09.010
- Pype, M.L., Lawrence, M.G., Keller, J. and Gernjak, W. (2016) Reverse osmosis integrity monitoring in water reuse: The challenge to verify virus removal- A review, Water. Res., 98, pp. 384-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.040
- Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J. (1996) Aquatic Chemistry, 3rd ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons.