DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

중학생의 학교폭력 피해경험이 사이버불링 가해행동에 미치는 영향과 자기통제력의 조절효과

The Effects of School Violence Victimization on Cyberbullying Perpetration in Middle School Students and the Moderating Role of Self-Control

  • 박예슬 (연세대학교 아동.가족학과) ;
  • 박주희 (연세대학교 아동.가족학과)
  • Park, Ye Seul (Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University) ;
  • Park, Ju Hee (Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University)
  • 투고 : 2016.02.27
  • 심사 : 2016.06.15
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30

초록

Objective: The present study examined the effects of school violence victimization and self-control on cyberbullying perpetration in middle school students and investigated whether self-control moderated the relationship between school violence victimization and cyberbullying perpetration. Methods: The participants of this study were 315 middle school students (172 boys; 143 girls) from three middle schools in Seoul and Incheon. To measure the level of cyberbullying perpetration, the Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire was used. School violence victimization and self-control were measured via the School Violence Victimization Scale and the Self-Control Scale, respectively. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions. Results and Conclusion: The results indicated that school bullying victimization level increased cyberbullying perpetration level whereas self-control level decreased cyberbullying perpetration. In addition, self-control moderated the effect of school violence victimization on cyberbullying perpetration. That is, the influence of school bullying victimization on cyberbullying perpetration was greater when self-control was low, compared to when it was high.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-88. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x
  2. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. Retrieved from http://www.sesp.org/files/The%20Moderator-Baron.pdf https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  4. Campfield, D. C. (2008). Cyber bullying and victimization:Psychological characteristics of bullies, victims, and bully-victims (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Montana, Missoula, MT. USA. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307&context=etd
  5. Casas, J. A., Rey, R. D., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2013). Bullying and cyberbullying: Convergent and divergent predictor variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 580-587. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.015
  6. Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., Chiang, J. T., & Pan, Y. C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
  7. Erdur-Baker, O. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109-125. doi:10.1177/1461444809341260
  8. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
  9. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2014). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (Corwin Press).
  10. Holt, T. J., Bossler, A. M., & May, D. C. (2012). Low self-control, deviant peer associations, and juvenile cyberdeviance. American Journal of Crime & Justice, 37(3), 378-395. doi: 10.1007/s12103-011-9117-3
  11. Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137. doi:10.1037/a0035618
  12. Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
  13. Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Freiburger, T. L., & Ricketts, M. L. (2014). Exploration of the cyberbullying victim/offender overlap by sex. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(3), 538-548. doi: 10.1007/s12103-013-9217-3
  14. Mendoza, K. (2009). Surveying parental mediation: Connections, challenges and questions for media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 1, 28-41. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=jmle
  15. Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 387-393. doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0068
  16. Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2012). Cyberbullying victimisation in adolescence: Relationships with loneliness and depressive mood. Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3-4), 361-374. doi: 10.1080/13632752.2012.704227
  17. Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Oxford: Hemisphere.
  18. Perren, S., Dooley, J., Shaw, T., & Cross, D. (2010). Bullying in school and cyberspace: Associations with depressive symptoms in Swiss and Australian adolescents. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health, 4(28), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-28
  19. Runions, K. C. (2013). Toward a conceptual model of motive and self-control in cyber-aggression: Rage, revenge, reward, and recreation. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 42, 751-771. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9936-2
  20. Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013). Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying?: Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 739-750. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9867-3
  21. Turanovic, J. J., & Pratt, T. C. (2013). The consequences of maladaptive coping: Integrating general strain and selfcontrol theories to specify a causal pathway between and offending. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 29(3), 321-345. doi:10.1007/s10940-012-9180-z
  22. Varjas, K., Henrich, C. C., & Meyers, J. (2009). Urban middle school students' perceptions of bullying, cyberbullying, and school safety. Journal of School Violence, 8(2), 159-176. doi: 10.1080/15388220802074165
  23. Vazsonyi, A. T., Machackova, H., Sevcikova, A., Smahel, D., & Cerna, A. (2012). Cyberbullying in context: Direct and indirect effects by low self-control across 25 European countries. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 210-227. doi:10.1080/17405629.2011.644919
  24. Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483-488. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.002
  25. Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H., & Ko, C. H. (2007). Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 323-329. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9948
  26. Ahn, S., & Lee, K. (2014). The effects of parental attachment and peer conformity on adolescents' SNS peer-bullying: Focusing on the moderating effects of disturbance of adaptive functions caused by SNS. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 21(3), 51-67.
  27. Bae, J. M., Cho, E. S., Cho, Y. M., & Kim, K. E. (2015). A study on parents' observation of adolescents children's smartphone use problem and their parenting experiences. Journal of Family Relations, 20(1), 143-164.
  28. Bang, K., & Lee, K. (2009). A phenomenological investigation of homeroom teachers' experiences on bullying. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 28(1), 167-188.
  29. Cho, J., & Kim, S. (2010). An explanatory study on the determinants of youth delinquency: Focusing on selfcontrol and delinquent peers. Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society, 7(1), 151-173.
  30. Cho, Y.-H., & Bae, J.-A. (2010). Study on parental mediation of children's digital media use within the home environment. Media, Gender & Culture, 13, 37-74.
  31. Choi, S. Y. (2014). A study of the review of research on cyberbullying and its responding strategy. The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education, 17(6), 35-48.
  32. Do, G., Oh, J., & Shin, J. (2011). The effectiveness of the group program for empowering and enhancing self-esteem of school violence victims in high school girls. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(1), 149-174.
  33. Hwang, J.-H. (2014). A study on teachers' experiences in resolution process of school violence. Teacher Education Research, 53(2), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.15812/ter.53.2.201406.289
  34. Hyun, M. J., & Han, Y. (2015). The effect of the self-regulation group counseling program on the self-control and aggression of juvenile delinquents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(5), 391-420.
  35. Jang, S.-Y. (2011). Research on youth cyber delinquency: With emphasis on control theory. Korean Journal of Crime and Delinquency, 1, 263-281.
  36. Jung, H. W. (2010). The changes of cyber delinquency and the predictors in adolescence. Korean Criminological Review, 21(2), 263-288.
  37. Jung, H.-W., & Chung, D.-W. (2012). The effects of Korean adolescents' self-control upon their cyber delinquency. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19(9), 1-23.
  38. Jyung, K.-J., Kim, J.-H., & Kim, D. W. (2009). The effects of parenting program on the outcome of internet control group counseling to high risk middle school students. The Journal of Humanities, 14(1), 255-275.
  39. Kim, H. (2013). An effect of persistent school violence victimization experience on youths' physical, socioemotional, and cognitive development. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 15(2), 121-143.
  40. Kim, H. N., Kim, M., Kim, S. H., & Cheon, S. M. (2013). The relationship between communication style with parents and internet-game addiction tendency of 5th and 6th graders in public elementary school: The mediation of self-control. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 29(4), 175-194.
  41. Kim, H. S. (1998). Model development of affecting factors on health behavior and juvenile delinquency of adolescents (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  42. Kim, K. E., & Choi, E. H. (2012). A study on the effect of school violence victimization on adolescents' cyber violence: Focus on mediating effect of aggression. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 14(3), 259-283.
  43. Kim, K. E., & Yoon, H. (2012). Associations between adolescents' victimization of violence, tolerance toward violence, and cyber violence offending behavior. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, 39, 213-244.
  44. Kim, K.-W., & Seo, J.-W. (2012). Relationship analysis between adolescent's internet addiction levels and cybercrime. Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies, 9(2), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.25023/kapsa.9.2.201208.23
  45. Kim, S. K., & Cheon, S. M. (2015). Meta-analysis on variables related to self-control: Focused on family environment and psychological factors. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 27(1), 85-107.
  46. Korea Internet & Security Agency. (2013). The survey on cyberbullying in 2013. Seoul: Korea Internet & Security Agency.
  47. Kwak, Y. K. (2006). A study on awareness and experience of school violence: A study on high school students in Seoul (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea.
  48. Kwon, H. C., & Ahn, G. Y. R. (2015). The effect of parentadolescent communication on the computer game overuse:Adolescent's self control as a mediating variable. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(5), 255-274.
  49. Lee, C., Shin, N., & Ha, E. (2014). A study on the situation of youth cyberbullying and measures to prevent it (Research Report No. 14-R07). Sejong: National Youth Policy Institute.
  50. Lee, J., & Lee. S.-S. (2014). The effect of cyber victimization on cyber offending and gender differences in testing a general strain theory. Studies on Korean Youth, 25(4), 137-158. doi: 10.14816/sky. 2014.1.1.75.137
  51. Lee, J. K., & Woo, H.-J. (2010). A study on the intention toward cyber verbal bullying: Focusing on the perception to cyber libel/insult, age and the variables of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Cybercommunication Academic Society, 27(1), 215-252.
  52. Lee, S. D., Hwang, S. K., & Yeum, D. M. (2013). The exploratory research on recognition and actual condition of cyber bullying: Focused on middle school students in Uiryeonggun. Youth Culture Publishes Forum, 33, 120-143.
  53. Lee, S.-M., & Lee, S.-H. (2008). The effects of play based self control training group program on the internet addiction levels and self control ability of middle school students. The Journal of Play Therapy, 12(2), 55-74.
  54. Lee, S.-N., & Kim, C.-K. (2013). The effects of the strengths-based literatherapy program on the improvement of psychological well-being and the reduction of internalizing behavior problems of the victims who have been bullied. Journal of Children's Literature & Education, 14(2), 157-180.
  55. Lee, S.-S. (2005). The effects of anonymity on cyber flaming:Comparing its effect with social and individual factors. Studies on Korean Youth, 16(1), 77-108.
  56. Lee, S.-S. (2007). Testing a model of cyber-delinquency through motive, opportunity and control factors. Informatization Policy, 4(3), 3-15.
  57. Lee, S.-S. (2011). Testing both risk and control factors of juvenile delinquency in offline, internet, and cell phone media. Korean Criminology Review, 22(1), 111-135.
  58. Lee, S.-S., & Hwang, J.-Y. (2008). Internet collective efficacy and cyber linguistic violence. Korean Criminological Reveiw, 73, 167-189.
  59. Ministry of Education. (2014). The second student survey on school violence in 2014. Retrieved from www.moe.go.kr/web/100026/ko/board/download.do?boardSeq=122076
  60. Nam, H. M. (1999). The effects of psychological family environment, self-control and friends characteristics of middle school students on their problems behaviors (Unpublished Master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  61. Nam, S.-I., & Kweon, N.-H. (2013). A study on the factors that influence adolescent offenders' of cyberbullying. Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society, 10(3), 23-43.
  62. Oh, S.-Y., & Kwak, Y.-G. (2013). The study on the actual conditions of school violence and solution caused by cyber bullying. Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies, 10(3), 65-88.
  63. Park, J. Y., & Kim, H. H. (2013). The relationship between time of internet use and disposition of internet addiction:Moderating effect of parental discipline. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(1), 25-46.
  64. Park, S. H., & Shim, H. J. (2015). Examining the risk factors of cyber bullying with SNS among Korean youth. Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice Review, 58, 155-185.
  65. Sung, J. H., & Chung, M. J. (2007). School adjustment and protective factors of school violence victims. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 28(5), 1-18.
  66. The Foundation for Preventing Youth Violence. (2014). The survey on school violence in 2013. Retrieved from https://www.edujikim.com/customercenter/board/default/view_b.asp?intBbsSeq=8&Page=1&intArticleSeq=97551
  67. Yang, J. K., & Kim, C. K. (2002). Relationships among delinquent risk factors, protective factors and recidivism of juvenile delinquency. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 10(2), 101-121.
  68. Yoon, D.-H., & Kang, H.-A. (2009). The effects of adolescent's psychosocial factors on their involvement in deviant behaviors through the deviance in cyberspace. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 11(4), 201-224.

피인용 문헌

  1. Influence of Hostile Attribution Bias on Cyberbullying Perpetration in Middle School Students and the Multiple Additive Moderating Effect of Justice Sensitivity vol.40, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.4.79
  2. 중학생의 도덕적 이탈이 사이버불링 가해행동에 미치는 영향과 자기통제력의 조절효과 vol.58, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2020.005