Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Effect of Early Defoliation on Fruit Yield, Reserve Accumulations and Flower Bud Formation in 'Sinano Sweet' Apple Trees

조기낙엽이 사과 '시나노스위트'의 수량, 저장양분 및 꽃눈형성에 미치는 영향

  • Han, Jeom Hwa (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Han, Hyun Hee (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kwon, Yong Hee (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Jung, Jea Hoon (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Ryu, Su-Hyun (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Do, Kyeong Ran (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Han-Chan (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, In Myeong (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Choon (Division of Horticulture and Pet Animal-Plant Science, Wonkwang University)
  • 한점화 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 한현희 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 권용희 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 정재훈 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 류수현 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 도경란 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 이한찬 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 최인명 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 김태춘 (원광대학교 원예애완동식물학부)
  • Received : 2016.06.03
  • Accepted : 2016.06.23
  • Published : 2016.06.30
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Abstract

'Sinano Sweet' apple trees were defoliated at intervals of a month from May to October to simulate damage occured by hail and typhoon in Korea, accordingly fruit yield, reserve accumulations and return bloom were investigated. As the more severe defoliation degree was and earlier defoliation time was, fruit weight and fruit yields were more decreased. Fruit weight and yields of 30% defoliated trees, regardless of the defoliation time, showed no significant difference with those of control. Because carbohydrate contents of the 2-year old branches defoliated before August were even lower than those of branches defoliated after September, it was considered that defoliation time is more effective on the carbohydrate content than defoliation degree. Among the trees defoliated before August, 50% defoliated trees at August contained the lowest carbohydrate by 50% of control. Time and degree of defoliation had an effect on the number of flower buds following year. The number of return bloom in trees defoliated from May to July was decreased by delay of defoliation time and was the lowest in trees defoliated at July. On the other hand, it was not have a significant different between control and trees defoliated since August. Relationship between the number of return bloom and carbohydrate reserves showed positive correlation. As a result, it is considered that fruit thinning, when defoliation occurred in the growing season, needs for strengthening the sink function of remained individual fruit effect on fruit enlargement and for increaseing the carbohydrate reserve effect on return bloom.

우박 및 태풍에 의해 생육기간 동안에 낙엽이 발생했을 때를 가정하여 5월부터 10월까지 1개월 간격으로 인위적으로 낙엽 처리를 실시하고 그에 따른 사과나무 '시나노스위트'의 수량, 저장양분 및 다음해 화총 수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평균 과중은 낙엽 정도가 심할수록, 낙엽 시기가 빠를수록 감소하였으며 과실 비대 감소는 수량 감소로 이어졌다. 30% 낙엽구의 과실 크기 및 수량은 낙엽 시기와 관계없이 무처리구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2년생 가지의 탄수화물 함량은 8월 이전 낙엽구가 9월이후 낙엽구에 비해 현저히 낮은 함량을 보여 낙엽 정도보다는 낙엽 시기의 영향이 컸다. 8월 이전 낙엽구 중에서는 낙엽 시기가 늦어질수록 탄수화물 함량이 감소하여 8월 낙엽구에서 무처리구 대비 50% 수준으로 가장 낮았다. 생육기 중의 조기 낙엽 다음해 화총 수는 낙엽 시기 및 정도에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. 5월 이후 낙엽 시기가 늦어질수록 화총 수가 감소하여 7월 낙엽구에서 가장 낮은 화총 수를 보였으며 8월 이후 낙엽구는 무처리구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 낙엽 이듬해 화총 수는 수체내 탄수화물 함량과 정의 상관을 보였다. 위의 결과, 7월 이전의 낙엽 피해가 발생되었을 때에는 적과를 통해 개별 과실의 sink 기능을 강화하여 과실 비대를 향상시키고, 저장양분 확보를 통해 다음해 화총 수를 확보하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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