Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Diagnosis on sudden death cases during summer season and isolation of Clostridium novyi

하절기 급사 돼지의 Clostridium novyi 진단 및 분리

  • Jeong, Chang-Gi (College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Seo, Byoung-Joo (College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
  • 정창기 (전북대학교 수의과대학 생체안전성연구소) ;
  • 서병주 (전북대학교 수의과대학 생체안전성연구소) ;
  • 김원일 (전북대학교 수의과대학 생체안전성연구소)
  • Received : 2016.05.24
  • Accepted : 2016.06.09
  • Published : 2016.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Clostridium novyi (C. novyi) is a gram positive, non-capsulated, motile, obligatory anaerobe that produces endospores. Both C. novyi type A and B produce a bacteriophage encoded lethal alpha toxin which belongs to a family of large clostridial cytotoxins. These large clostridial cytotoxins of C. novyi bind to the uncharacterized receptors on host vascular endothelial cells, which leads to the loss of integrity of the vascular endothelium with subsequent edema, refractory hypotension, organ failure, and sudden death. A total of 13 sudden death cases were submitted to Chonbuk National University-Veterinary Diagnostic Center between June and October, 2015. The samples, mainly liver, were collected in sterile vials after necropsy and processed within 12~24 hours for diagnosis, isolation and identification of C. novyi. All of the 4 gram positive samples showed amplification by PCR. Out of 4 positive samples, 3 were detected to be C. novyi type B and 1 was detected as C. novyi type A. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, 1 case (150564) showed 99% similarity with C. novyi type A while other 3 cases (150388, 150557 and 150775) presented 99% similarity with C. novyi type B. Based on the results, C. novyi was found to be prevalent in Korean pig farms and causes sudden death to finishing pigs or sows during summer season. Thus, C. novyi should be considered for differential diagnosis on sudden death cases during the summer season.

Keywords

References

  1. Aronoff DM. 2013. Clostridium novyi, sordellii, and tetani:Mechanisms of disease. Anaerobe 24: 98-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.08.009
  2. Borrmann E, Schulze F. 1999. Detection of Clostridium novyi type B ${\alpha}$ toxin by cell culture systems. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 24(3): 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(99)00042-5
  3. Brazier JS, Duerden BI, Hall V, Salmon JE, Hood J, Brett MM, George RC. 2002. Isolation and identification of Clostridium spp. from infections associated with the injection of drugs: experiences of a microbiological investigation team. Journal of medical microbiology 51(11): 985-989. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-51-11-985
  4. Duran CO, Walton JR. 1997. Clostridium novyi sudden death in sows: toxaemia or post mortem invader? Pig Journal (United Kingdom).
  5. Eklund MW, Poysky FT, Peterson ME, Meyers JA. 1976. Relationship of bacteriophages to alpha toxin production in Clostridium novyi types A and B. Infection and immunity 14(3): 793-803.
  6. Garcia A, Ayuso D, Benitez JM, Garcia WL, Martinez R, Sanchez S. 2009. Clostridium novyi infection causing sow mortality in an Iberian pig herd raised in an outdoor rearing system in Spain. Journal of Swine Health and Production 17(5): 264-269.
  7. Sasaki Y, Takikawa N, Kojima A, Norimatsu M, Suzuki S, Tamura Y. 2001. Phylogenetic positions of Clostridium novyi and Clostridium haemolyticum based on 16S rDNA sequences. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 51(3): 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-3-901
  8. Sasaki Y, Kojima A, Aoki H, Ogikubo Y, Takikawa N, Tamura Y. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and PCR detection of Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium haemolyticum, Clostridium novyi types A and B, and Clostridium septicum based on the flagellin gene. Veterinary microbiology 86(3): 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00002-0
  9. Skarin H, Segerman B. 2014. Plasmidome interchange between Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium novyi and Clostridium haemolyticum converts strains of independent lineages into distinctly different pathogens. PloS one 9(9), e107777. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107777
  10. Smith L. DS. 1975. The pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill.

Cited by

  1. Characterization of Clostridium novyi isolated from a sow in a sudden death case in Korea vol.16, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02349-9