Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Atmospheric Polycyclic and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Iron-manufacturing City

  • Hayakawa, Kazuichi (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University) ;
  • Tang, Ning (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University) ;
  • Morisaki, Hiroshi (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University) ;
  • Toriba, Akira (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University) ;
  • Akutagawa, Tomoko (Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences) ;
  • Sakai, Shigekatsu (Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences)
  • Received : 2016.01.25
  • Accepted : 2016.03.14
  • Published : 2016.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Total suspended particulates (TSP) in the atmosphere were collected for 2 weeks during winter in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan, a typical iron-manufacturing city. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in TSP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detectors, respectively. No relationship was observed between the atmospheric PAH and NPAH concentration, or the atmospheric PAH and TSP concentration. However, there was a tendency that the atmospheric PAH concentration was higher when the wind blew from the coke-oven plant. Furthermore, the concentration ratios of 1-nitropyrene to pyrene, which is a suitable indicator of the contribution made by automobiles and coal combustion systems to urban air particulates, were smaller in Muroran and the values were close to those observed in particulates from coal combustion systems. Therefore, these results show that the PAH and NPAH compositions for Muroran are characteristic of an iron-manufacturing city.

Keywords

References

  1. Caricchia, A.M., Chiavarini, S., Pezza, M. (1999) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmospheric particle matter in the city of Naples (Italy). Atmospheric Environment 33, 3731-3738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00199-5
  2. Daisey, J.M., Leyko, M.A., Kneip, T.J. (1979) Source identification and allocation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the New York City aerosol: methods and applications. In: Jones, P.W., Leber, P. (Eds), Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Ann Arbor Science: Ann Arbor, 201-215.
  3. Hama, H., Tokuda, T., Izaki, A., Ohno, T., Watanabe, Y., Kanda, T., Tang, N., Kameda, T., Toriba, A., Hayakawa, K. (2012) Variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates collected in urban Kanazawa, Japan in last 12 years. Journal of Japan Society of Atmospheric Environment, 47, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.001
  4. Harrison, R.M., Smith, D.J.T., Luhana, L. (1996) Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 825-832. https://doi.org/10.1021/es950252d
  5. Hattori, T., Tang, N., Tamura, K., Hokoda, A., Yang, X.-Y., Igarashi, K., Ohno, M., Okada, Y., Toriba, A., Hayakawa, K. (2007) Profiles of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated derivatives in three typical cities, Liaoning Province, China. Environmental Forensics 8, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275920601180701
  6. Hayakawa, K., Kitamura, R., Butoh, M., Imaizumi, N., Miyazaki, M. (1991) Determination of diamino- and aminopyrenes by high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. Analytical Sciences 7, 573-577. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.573
  7. Hayakawa, K., Murahashi, T., Butoh, M., Miyazaki, M. (1995) Determination of 1,3-, 1,6-, and 1,8-dinitropyrenes and 1-nitropyrene in urban air by high-performance liquid chromatography using chemiluminescence detection. Environmental Science and Technology 29, 928-932. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00004a012
  8. Hayakawa, K., Onoda, Y., Tachikawa, C., Hosoi, S., Yoshida, M., Chung, S.W., Kizu, R., Toriba, A., Kameda, T., Tang, N. (2007) Estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their monohydroxylated derivatives by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Sciences 53, 562-570. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.53.562
  9. Hayakawa, K., Tang, N., Sato, K., Izaki, A., Tatematsu, M., Hama, H., Li, Y., Kameda, T., Toriba, A. (2011) Development of HPLC determination method for trace levels of 1-, 2-nitropyrenes and 2-nitrofluoranthene in airborne particulates and its application to samples collected at Noto Peninsula. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 5, 146-151. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2011.5.3.146
  10. Hirose, T., Morito, K., Kizu, R., Toriba, A., Hayakawa, K., Ogawa, S., Muramatsu, M., Masamune, Y. (2001) Estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities of benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene monohydroxy derivatives. Journal of Health Science 47, 552-558. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.47.552
  11. IARC (2014) IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans, Last update: 31 March 2014.
  12. Kakimoto, H., Kitamura, M., Matsumoto, Y., Sakai, S., Kanoh, F., Murahashi, T., Akutsu, K., Kizu, R., Hayakawa, K. (2000) Comparison of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Sapporo and Tokyo. Journal of Health Sciences 46, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.46.5
  13. Kakimoto, H., Matsumoto, Y., Sakai, S., Kanoh, F., Arashidani, K., Tang, N., Akutsu, K., Nakajima A., Awata, Y., Toriba, A., Kizu, R., Hayakawa, K. (2002) Comparison of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrialized city (Kitakyushu) and two commercial cities (Sapporo and Tokyo). Journal of Health Sciences 48, 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.48.370
  14. Kanoshima, H. (2010) Historic development of blast furnace technologies in collection of technical systematization No. 15, published by National Science Museum, 81-159, last access date, Jan. 5, 2016.
  15. Khalili, N.R., Scheff, P.A., Holsen, T.M. (1995) PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and, gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions. Atmospheric Environment 29, 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00275-P
  16. Kizu, R., Ishii, K., Kobayashi, J., Hashimoto, T., Koh, E., Namiki, M., Hayakawa, K. (2000) Antiandrogenic effect of crude extract of C-heavy oil. Materials Science and Engineering: C 12, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00165-X
  17. Kizu, R., Otsuki, N., Kishida, Y., Toriba, A., Mizokami, A., Burnstein, K.L., Klinge, C.B., Hayakawa, K. (2004) A new luciferase reporter gene assay for the detection of androgenic and antiandrogenic effects based on human prostate specific antigen promoter and PC3/AR human prostate cancer cells. Analytical Sciences 20, 55-59. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.55
  18. Ministry of Environment, Japan (2010) Review of the priority action for environmental pollutants, http://www.env.go.jp/council/former2013/07air/y073-10/ref02_2.pdf, last access date, Jan. 5, 2016.
  19. Mitsubishi-Kagaku, Chemicals/carbon products: Coke (2015) http://www.m-kagaku.co.jp/grproduct/company/mcc/carbon/product/1194329_4414.html?category=chemical, last access date, Jan. 5, 2016.
  20. Motoyama, Y., Bekki, K., Chung, S.-W., Tang, N., Kameda, T., Toriba, A., Taguchi, K., Hayakawa, K. (2009) Oxidative stress more strongly induced by ortho- than para-quinoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in A549 cells. Journal of Health Sciences 55, 845-850. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.55.845
  21. Pham, C. T., Kameda, T., Toriba, A., Hayakawa, K. (2013) Polycyclic atmospheric polycyclic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarnons in particulates emitted by motorcycles. Envionmental. Polluion, 183, 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.003
  22. Rogge, W.F., Hildemann, L.M., Mazurek, M.A., Cass, G.R., Simoneit, B.R.T. (1993) Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 636-651. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00041a007
  23. Sicre, M.A., Marty, J.C., Saliot, A., Aparicio, X., Grimalt, J., Albaiges, J. (1987) Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in different sized aerosols over the Mediterranean Sea: Occurrence and origin. Atmospheric Environment 21, 2247-2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90356-8
  24. Simcik, M.F., Eisenreich, S.J., Lioy, P.J. (1999) Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Atmospheric Environment 33, 5071-5079. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00233-2
  25. Tang, N., Tabata, M., Mishukov, V.F., Sergienko, V., Toriba, A., Kizu, R., Hayakawa, K. (2002) Comparison of atmospheric nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Vladivostok, Kanazawa and Toyama. Journal of Health Sciences 48, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.48.30
  26. Tang, N., Hattori, T., Taga, R., Tamura, K., Kakimoto, H., Mishukov, V., Toriba, A., Kizu, R., Hayakawa, K. (2005) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air particulates and their relationship to emission sources in the Pan-Japan Sea countries. Atmospheric Environment 39, 5817-5826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.018
  27. Tang, N., Hama, H., Kameda, T., Toriba, A., Hayakawa, K. (2012) Change of atmospheric concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene in Kanazawa, a typical local city in Japan, during 1999 and 2010. In: Morrison, R., O'Sullivan, G. (Eds), Proceedings of the 2011 INEF conference, Environ. Forensics, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 163-170.
  28. Yang, H.H., Lai, S.O., Hsieh, L.T., Hsueh, H.J., Chi, T.W. (2002) Profiles of PAH emission from iron industries. Chemosphere 48, 1061-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00175-3

Cited by

  1. Measurements of 50 Non-polar Organic Compounds Including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, n-Alkanes and Phthalate Esters in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Area of Chiba Prefecture, Japan vol.12, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2018.12.3.274
  2. Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia vol.16, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030442
  3. Simultaneous Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Nitro-derivatives in Airborne Particulates by Using Two-dimensional High-performance Liquid Chromatography with On-line Reducti vol.11, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2017.11.4.283
  4. Characterization and Risk Assessment of Atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate-Bound PAHs and NPAHs in Rwanda, Central-East Africa vol.52, pp.21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03219
  5. The Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Emission Source Areas in Shenyang, China vol.16, pp.16, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162817
  6. Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Sources of Urban Atmospheric Particulates in the Western Pacific vol.12, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042149