Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education (수산해양교육연구)

The Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education (한국수산해양교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Review-Status of Development and Research of Artificial Reefs in the East Asian Countries-

동아시아의 인공어초 개발과 연구 현황

  • Received : 2016.01.19
  • Accepted : 2016.04.12
  • Published : 2016.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We conducted a comprehensive review on artificial reefs (ARs) including seaweed reefs for marine afforestation in relation to their development and research from 1972 to 2016, and then systematically analyzed their current a state-of-the-art and practice. From the review, the followings conclusions are made. First, the objectives of AR projects in the Southeast Asia can be classified into three, i.e. protection and increase of fishery resources, local community's profits, and ecological tourism. Second, fish gathering effects by ARs can be determined in terms of wake region or wake length that tends to increase with the K-C (Keulegan-Carpenter) number. Third, ARs are desirable to deploy across a direction of the main flow but it is essential to keep the deployment interval two to four times the length of a single reef. Fourth, stability of ARs depends on how to evaluate drag coefficient, and Morison formula turns out to be practical. Fifth, local scours of ARs are likely to occur due to a downward flow around the center of the front surface. Finally, it is natural for ARs to positively contribute to the marine ecosystem but it is imperative to develop an evaluation method for the effects of ARs on the marine ecosystem.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, Young-Wha.Rho, Hong-Kil.Kim, Suk-Jong.Jeong, Dong-Gu.Kim, Mun-Kwan(1999). Studies on the improvement of the fish gathering effects of artificial reefs in the coastal area of Cheju Island-The effectiveness of fishery resources enhancement of artificial fish reefs, Journal of Fisheries and marine Sciences Education, 11(1), 59-68.
  2. Asano, H.(1991). Wave characteristics propagating to fluctuating algal communities, Proceedings of Japanese Coastal Engineering, 38, 26-30.
  3. Baek, Seung-Hwa.Shin, Bum-Shick.Kim, Kyu-Han(2014). Hydraulic model test for corrugated artificial reef stability, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 15(8), 5327-5332. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.8.5327
  4. Baine, Mark(2001). Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performance, Ocean & Coastal Management, 44, 241-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(01)00048-5
  5. Chai, Zhaoyang.Huo, Yuanzi.He, Qing.Huang, Xiwen.Jiang, Xingpei.He, Peimin (2014). Studies on breeding of Sargassum vachellianum on artificial reefs in Gouqi Island, China, Aquaculture, 189-193.
  6. Chen, Caiyi.Ji, Tao.Zhuang,Yizhou.Lin, Xujian(2015). Workability, mechanical properties and affinity of artificial reef concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 98, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.109
  7. Duzbastilar, F.Ozan.Senturk, Utku(2009). Determining the weights of two types of artificial reefs required to resist wave action in different water depths and bottom slopes, Ocean Engineering, 36, 900-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.06.008
  8. Fisheries Infrastructure Development Center (FIDEC). (http://www.fidec.or.jp).
  9. Fisheries Research Agency(1981). Manual of creation plan of artificial reef's fishing ground, 1-184.
  10. Fisheries Research Agency(FRA)(2010). Proceedings of The FRA-SEAFDEC Joint International Workshop on Artificial Reefs for Fisheries Resource Recovery(http://www.fra.affrc.go.jp).
  11. Gatts, P.V..Franco, M.A.L..Santos, L.N..Rocha, D.F..Zalmon, I.R.(2014). Influence of the artificial reef size configuration on transient ichthyofauna-Southeastern Brazil, Ocean & Coastal Management, 98, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.06.022
  12. Hong, Chong-Hyun.Kim, Moon-Hyun.Woo, Kwang-Sung (2003). An experimental study on recycled aggregate concrete for artificial fishing reefs, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 17(4), 16-22.
  13. Iwakagi, M..Sawaragi, K.(1979). Coastal Engineering, Kyoritsu Publisher, 1-307.
  14. Japan Artificial Fish Reef Association(JAFRA). (http://www.nissyoukyou.com).
  15. Japan Artificial Reef Research Institute(1976). Theory and practice of artificial reefs(I), A collection of Fisheries Aquaculture, 26, 33-39.
  16. Jeong, Chil-Hoon.Kim, Heon-Tae(2007). Numeri- cal analysis of the flow field around artificial reefs, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 40(1), 31-38.
  17. Joo, Jae-Wook(2000). Implementation status and its development direction of artificial reefs in Korea, KFPA, 51, 23-29.
  18. Kageyama, H. et al.(1980). Visualization of the flow around porous cubic type of artificial reef model, Journal of Japanese Society of Fisheries Engineering, 17(1), 1-10.
  19. Kageyama, H. et al.(1982). Visualization of the flow around a cube with a permeable wall, Journal of Japanese Society of Fisheries Engineering, 18(2), 1-9.
  20. Kheawwongjian, Apitha.Kim, Dong-Sun(2012). Present status and prospects of artificial reefs in Thailand, Ocean & Coastal Management, 57, 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.11.001
  21. Kim, Chang-Gil(2000). Current status and its research direction of artificial reef development in Korea, KFPA, 51, KFPA, 18-22.
  22. Kim, Chang-Gil.Oh, Tae-Gun.Suh, Sung-Ho.Kim, Dae-Kweon.Kim, Byung-Gyun.Choi, Yong-Suk(2009). Review of stability calculation of an artificial reef in the breaking wave zone of coastal waters, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, 33(6), 965-974. https://doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2009.33.6.965
  23. Kim, Dae-Kweon.Kim, Wan-Ki.Son, Yong-Soo.Yoon, Jang-Tack.Gong, Yong-Gun.Kim, Young-Dae.Lee, Ji-Hyun(2008). Settlement characteristics of three type of artificial reefs on sandy bottom in the eastern coast of Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, 32(2), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2008.32.2.359
  24. Kim, Dae-Kweon.Suh, Sung-Ho.Cho, Jae-Kwon.Kim, Chang-Gil.Choi, Im-Ho.Kim, Byoung-Sub(2010). Settlement characteristics of square reefs installed on soft seasfloor ground, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, 34(1), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2010.34.1.163
  25. Kim, Dae-Young(2006). Current status and implications of artificial fish reef in Japan, Monthly Ocean and Fisheries, Korea maritime Institute, 267, 6-20.
  26. Kim, Dae-Yeong.Lee, Jung-Sam(2007). Current status and implications of Korean artificial reef project, Monthly Ocean and Fisheries, Korea Maritime Institute, 284, 23-45.
  27. Kim, Dongha.Woo, Jinho.Yoon, Han-Sam.Na, Won-Bae(2014). Wake lengths and structural responses of Korean general artificial reefs, Ocean Engineering, 92, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.09.040
  28. Kim, Heon-Tae(2001). A study of artificial reef subsidence in unsteady flow field, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 15(2), 33-38.
  29. Kim, Ho-Sang.Kim, Chang-Gil.Seo, Young-Kyo.Kim, Gil-Young(2005). Subsidence characteristics of artificial reefs using sediment grain size and shear strength, Bulletin of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology, 41(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.3796/KSFT.2005.41.1.046
  30. Kim, Jae-Hwan.Kang, Seok-Pyo.Kim, Chang- Gil.Kwon, Yeong-Jin.Kim, Moo-Han(2002). The present condition of domestic artificial reefs, Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, 14(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.22636/MKCI.2002.14.2.61
  31. Korea Fisheries Resources Agency(FIRA)(2015a). Proceedings of the 2nd Fisheries Resources Forum, Pusan, 2015. 11. 20. 1-79.
  32. Korea Fisheries Resources Agency(FIRA)(2015b). Hydraulic stability evaluation of artificial reefs for afforestation creation and model development for its optimal deployment, 1-407.
  33. Korea Fisheries Resources Agency(FIRA)(2015). Installation statistics of artificial reefs, 1-583.
  34. Korea Fisheries Resources Agency(FIRA). (http://www.fira.or.kr).
  35. Kuroki, S. et al.(1964). Physical study on artificial fish reef structures, Hokkaido University, 1-19.
  36. Kwon, Yeong-Jin(2002). The present situation and approach methods for improvement of artificial reef, Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, 14(6), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.22636/MKCI.2002.14.6.72
  37. Lan, Chun-Hsiung.Hsui, Che-Yu(2006). The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem: Modelling, simulation and application, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 14, 663-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2005.10.011
  38. Lan, Chun-Hsiung.Chen, Chung-Chiang.Hsui, Che-Yu(2004). An approach to designing spatial configuration of artificial reef ecosystem, Ecological Engineering, 22, 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.04.004
  39. Liu, Yan.Zhao, Yun-peng.Dong, Guo-hai.Guan, Chang-tao.Cui, Yong.Xu, Tiao-Jian (2013). A study of the flow field characteristics around star-shaped artificial reefs, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 39, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.02.018
  40. Matsumi, Y.(1988). A fundamental study on hydraulic functions of artificial reefs, PhD thesis, Osaka University, 1-186.
  41. Miao, Zhen-qing.Xie, Yong-he(2007). Effects of water-depth on hydrodynamic force of artificial reef, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 19(3), 372-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(07)60072-9
  42. Miura, M. et al.(2010). Habitat suitability index model for four different algae, Report of Japanese Marine Organism Environment Institute, 13, 1-50.
  43. Nakamura, M.(1991). Fisheries Civil Engineering(Ed.), INA, 1-561.
  44. Nakamura, M..Uekita, M.(1975). Study on the bottom hitting shock impact of a falling body in the sea, Proceedings of the 22nd Coastal Engineering of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, 483-487.
  45. National Coastal Fishery Promotion and Development Association(1986). Infrastructure design manual for coastal fishing ground maintenance and development projects, Tokyo, Japan, 1-184.
  46. Osaka, H..Yamata, E.(1979). Study on flow conditions around artificial fish reefs with a grid-type block structure(I), Report of Yamaguchi University, 29(2), 105-122.
  47. Park, Jong-Soo.Seo, Man-Seok.Kim, Ji-Hyun (2000a). Effect of artificial fish reefs in the coastal area of Jeonbug Province, Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, 12(1), 11-21.
  48. Park, Jong-Soo.Seo, Man-Seok.Kim, Ji-Hyun(2000b). A study on the research condition and efficiency of artificial reefs of Rokdo sea region of Chungnam Province, Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, 13(1), 87-98.
  49. Ponti, Massimo.Fava, Federica.Perlini, Rossella Angela.Giovanardi, Otello.Abbiati, Marco(2015). Benthic assemblages on artificial reefs in the northwestern Adriatic Sea: Does structure type and age matter Marine Environmental Research, 104, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.12.004
  50. Ryu, Cheong-Ro.Kim, Hyeon-Ju.Lee, Han-Su.Shin, Dong-il(1997). Structural and layout design optimization of ecosystem control structures(2), Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 30(1), 139-147.
  51. Ryu, Jeong-Gon.Lee, Sung-Woo.Hwang, Jin-Wok(1998). A study on the economic effects of artificial reefs-In case of Suwoo-do artificial reefs, Fisheries Management, 24(2), 177-197.
  52. Saito, M..Osuge, J.(1976). A fundamental report of artificial reef installation in a beach area, Ocean Institute of Tokai University.
  53. Sakuda, H. et al.(1982). A fundamental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of artificial fish reef model, Journal of Japanese Society of Fisheries Engineering, 18(1), 7-19.
  54. Sato, O.(1967). A few issues on artificial fish reefs, Fisheries Multiplication, 7, 43-62.
  55. Sato, Shinji.Isobe, Masahiko(2015). International compendium of coastal engineering, World Scientific, 375-396.
  56. Sawaragi, K..Matsumi, Y.(1983). Mechanism of topographical variations caused by a horizontal vortex behind artificial reefs, Proceedings of the 30th Coastal Engineering of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, 288-291.
  57. Sawaragi, K..Nochino, M.(1979). Numerical simulation of flow variations behind the artificial reefs, Proceedings of the 26th Coastal Engineering of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, 673-676.
  58. Seaman, W Jr.(2000). Artificial reef evaluation with application to natural marine habitats, CRC Press, 1-246.
  59. Shin, Bum-Shick.Chung, Hyun-Joon.Kim, Kyu-Han (2014). Experimental study on new artificial reef for hydraulic stability, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 15(1), 555-560. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.1.555
  60. Sohn, Byung-Kyu.Lee, Byung-Ho.Yoon, Han-Sam(2011). Hydraulic characteristics of train carriage artificial reef in wave and current field conditions, Journal of the Korean Society od Marine Engineering, 35(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2011.35.1.108
  61. The Japanese Institute of Fisheries Infrastructure and Communities(JIFIC). (http://www.jific.or.jp).
  62. Vicente, M..Falcao, M..Santos, M.N..Caetano, M..Serpa, D..Vale, C..Monteiro, C.(2008). Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portuga (Faro and Olhao): A question of location, Continental Shelf Research, 28, 839-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.12.009
  63. Woo, Jinho.Kim, Dongha.Yoon, Han-Sam.Na, Won-Bae(2014). Characterizing Korean general artificial reefs by drag coefficients, Ocean Engineering, 82, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.02.025
  64. Yamaguchi, et al.(2006). Quantification of the reef affinity based on the results of fish catch experiments, Fisheries Engineering, 43(2), 151-159.
  65. Yoon, Han-Sam.Kim, Dongha.Na, Won-Bae(2016). Estimation of effective usable and burial volumes of artificial reefs and the prediction of cost-effective management, Ocean & Coastal Management, 120, 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.12.007
  66. Yoon, Han-Sam.Kim, Ho-Sang.Kim, Jeong- Ryeol(2010). Analysis study on artificial reef facility status in the Korean coastal waters, Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Science Society Conference, 19. 310-313.
  67. Yu, Jing.Chen, Pimao.Tang, Danling.Qin, Chuanxin(2015). Ecological effects of artificial reefs in Daya Bay of China observed from satellite and in situ measurements, Advances in Space Research, 55, 2315-2324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.02.001

Cited by

  1. Development of a Program for Analyzing the Stability of Artificial Reefs vol.24, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2018.24.5.537