참고문헌
- Aizer AA, Chen M-H, McCarthy EP, et al (2013). Marital status and survival in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 31, 3869-76. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.49.6489
- Althuis MD, Dozier JM, Anderson WF, et al (2005). Global trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality 1973-1997. Int J Epidemiol, 34, 405-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh414
- Amadou A, Hainaut P, Romieu I (2013). Role of obesity in the risk of breast cancer: lessons from anthropometry. J Oncol, 2013.
- Babita NK, Singh M, Malik JS, et al (2014). Breastfeeding reduces breast cancer risk: a case-control study in north India. Int J Prev Med, 5, 791.
- Banning M, Hafeez H, Faisal S, et al (2009). The impact of culture and sociological and psychological issues on Muslim patients with breast cancer in Pakistan. Cancer Nurs, 32, 317-24. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0b013e31819b240f
- Barrett-Connor E (2002). Hormones and the health of women: past, present, and future Keynote address*. Menopause, 9, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200201000-00005
- Beaber EF, Buist DS, Barlow WE, et al (2014). Recent oral contraceptive use by formulation and breast cancer risk among women 20 to 49 years of age. Cancer Res, 74, 4078-89. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3400
- Bener A, El Ayoubi HR, Ali AI, et al (2010). Does consanguinity lead to decreased incidence of breast cancer? Cancer Epidemiol, 34, 413-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2010.04.004
- Berclaz G, Li S, Price K, et al (2004). Body mass index as a prognostic feature in operable breast cancer: the International Breast Cancer Study Group experience. Ann Oncol, 15, 875-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdh222
- Bernstein L (2002). Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 7, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015714305420
- Bernstein L, Patel AV, Ursin G, et al (2005). Lifetime recreational exercise activity and breast cancer risk among black women and white women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 97, 1671-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji374
-
Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, et al (2014). Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of
$5{\bullet}24$ million UK adults. Lancet, 384, 755-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8 - Bhurgri Y (2004). Karachi Cancer Registry Data--implications for the National Cancer Control Program of Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 5, 77-82.
- Bidgoli SA, Ahmadi R, Zavarhei MD (2010). Role of hormonal and environmental factors on early incidence of breast cancer in Iran. Sci Total Environ, 408, 4056-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.018
- Bouguerra H, Guissouma H, Labidi S, et al (2014). Breast cancer in Tunisia: association of body mass index with histopathological aspects of tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 6805-10. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6805
- Bray F, McCarron P, Parkin DM (2004). The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality. Breast Cancer Res, 6, 229-39. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr932
- Britt K, Ashworth A, Smalley M (2007). Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer, 14, 907-33. https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-07-0137
- Bulun SE, Chen D, Moy I, et al (2012). Aromatase, breast cancer and obesity: a complex interaction. Trends Endocrinol Metabolism, 23, 83-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2011.10.003
- Cancer CGoHFiB (2012). Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet, 13, 1141-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70425-4
- Dumeaux V, Alsaker E, Lund E (2003). Breast cancer and specific types of oral contraceptives: a large Norwegian cohort study. Int J Cancer, 105, 844-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11167
- Elkum N, Al-Tweigeri T, Ajarim D, et al (2014). Obesity is a significant risk factor for breast cancer in Arab women. BMC Cancer, 14, 788. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-788
- Floud S, Balkwill A, Canoy D, et al (2014). Marital status and ischemic heart disease incidence and mortality in women: a large prospective study. BMC Med, 12, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-42
- Haagensen CD 1971. Diseases of the Breast, WB Saunders Company.
- Hadjisavvas A, Loizidou MA, Middleton N, et al (2010). An investigation of breast cancer risk factors in Cyprus: a case control study. BMC Cancer, 10, 447. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-447
- Hartge P (2003). Genes, hormones, and pathways to breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 348, 2352-4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe030065
- Jatoi I, Anderson WF (2010). Qualitative age interactions in breast cancer studies: a mini-review. Future Oncol, 6, 1781-8. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.10.139
- Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA-Cancer J Clin, 61, 69-90. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107
- Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM (1993). Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev, 15, 36. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036115
- Kobayashi S, Sugiura H, Ando Y, et al (2012). Reproductive history and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer, 19, 302-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-012-0384-8
- Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Salmena L, et al (2012). Breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res, 14, 42.
- Lacey JV, Kreimer AR, Buys SS, et al (2009). Breast cancer epidemiology according to recognized breast cancer risk factors in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. BMC Cancer, 9, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-84
- Leong SP, Shen Z-Z, Liu T-J, et al (2010). Is breast cancer the same disease in Asian and Western countries? World J Surg, 34, 2308-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0683-1
- Liede A, Malik IA, Aziz Z, et al (2002). Contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations to breast and ovarian cancer in Pakistan. Am J Hum Genet, 71, 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1086/342506
- Lupulescu A (1995). Estrogen use and cancer incidence: a review. Cancer Invest, 13, 287-95. https://doi.org/10.3109/07357909509094464
- MacMahon B (2006). Epidemiology and the causes of breast cancer. Int J Cancer, 118, 2373-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21404
- Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM, Mandel MG, et al (2012). Oral contraceptive formulation and risk of breast cancer. Contraception, 85, 342-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.08.007
- Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, et al (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA, 282, 1523-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.16.1523
- Osborne C, Ostir GV, Du X, et al (2005). The influence of marital status on the stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival of older women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 93, 41-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-005-3702-4
- Ozmen V, Ozcinar B, Karanlik H, et al (2009). Breast cancer risk factors in Turkish women-a University Hospital based nested case control study. World J Surg Oncol, 7, 10.1186. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-7-10
- Penhoet EE, Petitti DB, Joy JE 2005. Saving women's lives: strategies for improving breast cancer detection and diagnosis, national academies press.
- Pike M, Krailo M, Henderson B, et al (1983). Breast cancer in young women and use of oral contraceptives: possible modifying effect of formulation and age at use. Lancet, 322, 926-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90450-6
- Rashid MU, Zaidi A, Torres D, et al (2006). Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Pakistani breast and ovarian cancer patients. Int J Cancer, 119, 2832-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22269
- Russo J, Moral R, Balogh GA, et al (2005). The protective role of pregnancy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res, 7, 131-42. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1029
- Sheppard VB, Makambi K, Taylor T, et al (2011). Physical activity reduces breast cancer risk in African American women. Ethnic Dis, 21, 406.
- Siddiqui MS, Kayani N, Sulaiman S, et al (2000). Breast Carcinoma in Pakistani Females: A. Morphological Study of 572 Breast Specimens. J Pak Med Assoc, 50, 174-7.
- Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, et al (2011). The impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA-Cancer J Clin, 61, 212-36. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20121
- Silvera SA, Miller AB, Rohan TE (2005). Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among women with a family history of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control, 16, 1059-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0343-1
- Singletary SE, Connolly JL (2006). Breast cancer staging: working with the sixth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. CA Cancer J Clin, 56, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.56.1.37
- Surakasula A, Nagarjunapu GC, Raghavaiah K (2014). A comparative study of pre-and post-menopausal breast cancer: Risk factors, presentation, characteristics and management. J Res Pharm Pract, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.4103/2279-042X.132704
- Vainio H, Weiderpass E, Kleihues P (2001). Smoking cessation in cancer prevention. Toxicol, 166, 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00445-0
- Valsecchi MG, Steliarova-Foucher E (2008). Cancer registration in developing countries: luxury or necessity? Lancet, 9, 159-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70028-7
- White MC, Holman DM, Boehm JE, et al (2014). Age and cancer risk: a potentially modifiable relationship. Am J Prev Med, 46, 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.029
- World Health Organization (2002). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life.
- Xia X, Chen W, Li J, et al (2014). Body mass index and risk of breast cancer: a nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep, 4, 7480.