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Comparison of Chestnut (Castanea spp.) Quality Characteristics according to Storage Temperatures and Cultivars

밤 과실의 저장온도 및 품종에 따른 품질 변화 비교

  • Joo, Sukhyun (Department of Forestry, Environment and Systems, Kookmin University) ;
  • Kim, Mahn-Jo (Division of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Sook (Department of Forestry, Environment and Systems, Kookmin University) ;
  • Lee, Uk (Division of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 주석현 (국민대학교 산림환경시스템학과) ;
  • 김만조 (국립산림과학원 특용자원연구과) ;
  • 김미숙 (국민대학교 산림환경시스템학과) ;
  • 이욱 (국립산림과학원 특용자원연구과)
  • Received : 2015.10.15
  • Accepted : 2015.11.04
  • Published : 2016.03.31

Abstract

This research was conducted for major cultivated chestnut (Castanea spp.) in Korea to compare chestnut quality characteristics according to storage temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$ vs. $-1^{\circ}C$) and cultivars. Color, hardness, soluble solids content (SSC), rate of decay and sensory evaluation were investigated during 16 weeks storage. Cultivars 'Tsukuba' and 'Ishizuchi' showed the least pericarp color change while cultivars 'Riheiguri' and 'Daebo' showed the most pericarp color change during storage. Chestnut fruits stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ showed less pericarp color change than those stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Cultivars 'Arima' and 'Tanzawa' exhibited the decrease tendency of hardness with lowest hardness during storage at $-1^{\circ}C$. Chestnut fruits stored at $4^{\circ}C$ showed high hardness than those stored at $-1^{\circ}C$. Cultivars 'Riheiguri' showed the highest increase of SSC, while cultivar 'Arima' showed the lowest increase of SSC after 16 weeks of storage. The SSC increased in nuts from all cultivars at both temperatures, but nuts stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ showed higher increases in SSC than nuts stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Cultivars 'Ishizuchi' and 'Riheiguri' showed high rates of decayed nuts in contrast to cultivars 'Daebo', 'Okkwang' and 'Tanzawa' that showed low rates of decayed nuts during storage. The chestnut fruit stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ showed less decay than fruit stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Texture and sweetness were tested for sensory evaluation. Among the tested cultivars, 'Riheiguri', 'Daebo' and 'Tsukuba' showed hard texture and very sweetness, while 'Tanzawa' showed relatively soft texture. 'Arima' and 'Okkwang' showed weak sweetness during storage. Nuts stored at $4^{\circ}C$ exhibited harder texture than nuts stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ while $-1^{\circ}C$ exhibited more sweetness than nuts stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Chestnuts for hard texture and short-term storage (less than one month), $4^{\circ}C$ will be a proper storage temperature, while in order to store long-term (more than 4 month), $-1^{\circ}C$ will be a proper storage temperature. Result from this study provide base-line data of postharvest management for Korean cultivated chestnut as well as contributing increased product value and income for chestnut producers.

본 연구는 우리나라 밤 주요재배 품종을 대상으로 저장온도($4^{\circ}C$, $-1^{\circ}C$) 및 품종에 따른 밤 과실의 저장 중 품질변화를 분석하였다. 저장기간(16주) 동안 밤 과실의 외피색, 경도, 당도, 부패율, 관능평가 등을 조사하여 품질변화 양상을 비교하였다. 저장기간 동안 외피색의 변화는 '축파(Tsukuba)'와 '석추(Ishizuchi)'가 적었던 반면 '이평(Riheiguri)'과 '대보(Daebo)'에서는 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 저장 온도에 따른 밤 품종들의 외피색의 변화는 $4^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 $-1^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서 적게 나타났다. 저장온도 $-1^{\circ}C$에서 품종에 따른 경도를 비교시 '유마(Arima)'와 '단택(Tanzawa)' 품종은 감소하는 경향을 보였고 가장 낮게 나타났다. 저장온도에 따른 밤 품종들의 경도를 비교하면 $4^{\circ}C$에 보관한 밤들의 경도가 $-1^{\circ}C$에 보관한 밤에서 보다 높게 나타났다. 저장기간 동안 당도가 가장 많이 증가한 품종은 '이평(Riheiguri)'이었고, '유마(Arima)'는 가장 적게 증가하였다. 저장기간 동안 당도는 저장온도 $4^{\circ}C$$-1^{\circ}C$ 모두 처리구에서 증가하였고, 저장온도 $-1^{\circ}C$처리구에서 더 많이 증가하였다. 부패율은 저장온도 $4^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 $-1^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서 더 낮았으며, '석추(Ishizuchi)'와 '이평(Riheiguri)'의 부패율이 높았으나, '대보(Daebo)', '옥광(Okkwang)', '단택(Tanzawa)'은 낮게 나타났다. 관능평가의 경우, 식감과 단맛을 조사한 결과, '이평(Riheiguri)', '대보(Daebo)', '축파(Tsukuba)'는 단단한 식감과 강한 단맛을 나타낸 반면, '단택(Tanzawa)'은 다른 품종에 비해 상대적으로 식감이 물렀다. 저장기간 동안 '유마(Arima)'와 '옥광(Okkwang)'은 약한 단맛을 나타냈다. 식감은 저장온도 $4^{\circ}C$의 과실이 더 단단했으며, 단맛은 저장온도 $-1^{\circ}C$의 과실에서 더 높았다. 저장온도 $4^{\circ}C$에 저장한 밤의 식감이 우수하고 단단하여 $4^{\circ}C$는 1개월 이내 단기저장에 좋은 온도인 것으로 보이며, 4개월 이상 장기저장 시에는 $-1^{\circ}C$가 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 밤 주요재배 품종의 수확 후 관리에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고 고부가가치 향상 및 임업 소득 증대에 기여될 것으로 전망된다.

Keywords

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