Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Influences of Termite Activities on Ecosystem Carbon Cycle: Focusing on Coarse Woody Debris Decomposition

흰개미가 생태계 탄소 순환에 미치는 영향: 고사목 분해를 중심으로

  • Kim, Seongjun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jongyeol (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Han, Seung Hyun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Chang, Hanna (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Sohye (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Yun, Hyeon Min (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Son, Yowhan (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 김성준 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이종열 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 한승현 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 장한나 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이소혜 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 윤현민 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 손요환 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과)
  • Received : 2015.09.01
  • Accepted : 2015.11.23
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

Globally, there are more than 2600 species of termites which adapted plenty of terrestrial ecosystems by various strategies such as making termite nest and society. Various studies were recently carried out on termites because they play significant roles in the context of carbon (C) cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. According to the results of previous studies, termite activities influenced the amount of soil organic C, methane emission, and organic matter decomposition. Termite nests, where termite biomass was concentrated, exhibited 1.8 times higher soil organic C concentration than reference soils, and emitted $0.0-6.0kg\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ of methane in tropical forests and savannas. Feeding activity of termites, in addition, accelerated coarse woody debris (CWD) decomposition by increasing the surface area to volume ratio of CWD. Especially, CWD decomposition induced by the Rhinotermitidae family appeared to be significant for the C cycle in temperate forests. However, more studies should be conducted on termite-induced CWD decomposition in temperate forests because few studies have dealt with it. The termite-induced CWD decomposition could be measured by preparing disc-shaped CWD samples, excluding access of termites to the CWD samples, and comparing the decomposition rate of the CWD samples with and without the termite exclusion treatment. Studies on the termite-induced CWD decomposition would contribute to further elucidation of the C cycle in temperate forests.

흰개미는 전세계적으로 2600여종 이상이 보고되었으며, 집을 형성하고 군체를 이루는 등 각종 생존 전략을 바탕으로 다양한 생태계에서 살아가고 있다. 그런데 근래 흰개미 활동이 육상 생태계의 탄소 순환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려지면서 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 관련 연구 결과를 분석한 결과, 흰개미의 활동은 토양 유기탄소 농도 변화, 메탄 발생 및 유기물 분해 등을 조절하여 탄소 순환에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 흰개미집은 흰개미 생물량이 집중된 지점으로 일반 토양에 비하여 평균 1.8배 많은 유기탄소를 함유하며, 열대 산림 및 사바나 지역에서 연간 $0.0-6.0kg\;ha^{-1}$의 메탄을 방출하는 메탄의 점 발생원이었다. 또한 흰개미의 섭식 활동은 고사목의 부피 대비 표면적의 비율을 증가시켜 고사목 분해를 가속화하였다. 이 중에서도 Rhinotermitidae과 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 온대 산림의 탄소 순환에서 중요한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 극히 부족한 실정이므로 온대 산림에서의 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구가 필요하다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 고사목을 결의 수직 방향으로 잘라 만든 단판 시료에 흰개미의 접근을 차단한 후 분해되도록 하고, 처리하지 않은 시료의 분해율과 비교함으로써 연구할 수 있다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구를 통하여 육상 생태계 중 특히 온대 산림에서의 탄소 순환을 보다 명확히 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

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