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Physical and Mechanical Properties of The Lignin-based Carbon Nanofiber-reinforced Epoxy Composite

에폭시 강화 리그닌 기반 나노탄소섬유 복합재료의 특성

  • Youe, Won-Jae (Division of Wood chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Resources Utilization, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Min (Division of Wood chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Resources Utilization, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Suk (Division of Wood chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Resources Utilization, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Yong Sik (Division of Wood chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Resources Utilization, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 유원재 (국립산림과학원 임산공학부 화학미생물과) ;
  • 이수민 (국립산림과학원 임산공학부 화학미생물과) ;
  • 이성숙 (국립산림과학원 임산공학부 화학미생물과) ;
  • 김용식 (국립산림과학원 임산공학부 화학미생물과)
  • Received : 2016.03.14
  • Accepted : 2016.04.12
  • Published : 2016.05.25

Abstract

The lignin-based carbon nanofiber reinforced epoxy composite has been prepared by immersing carbon nanofiber mat in epoxy resin solution in order to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties. The thermal and mechanical properties of the carbon nanofiber reinforced epoxy composite were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tester. It was found that the thermal properties of the carbon nanofiber reinforced epoxy composite improved, with its glass-transition temperature ($T_g$) increased from $90.7^{\circ}C$ ($T_g$ of epoxy resin itself) to $106.9^{\circ}C$. The tensile strengths of carbon nanofiber mats made from both lignin-g-PAN copolymer and PAN were 7.2 MPa and 9.4 MPa, respectively. The resulting tensile strength of lignin-based carbon nanofiber reinforced epoxy composite became 43.0 MPa, the six times higher than that of lignin-based carbon nanofiber mats. The carbon nanofibers were pulled out after the tensile test of the carbon nanofiber reinforced epoxy composite due to high tensile strength (478.8 MPa) of an individual carbon nanofiber itself as well as low interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrices, confirmed by the SEM analysis.

본 연구에서는 리그닌 기반 폴리아크릴로나이트릴(polyacrylonitrile, PAN) 공중합체를 전기방사하여 나노탄소섬유 매트를 제조한 다음, 에폭시 수지를 보강하여 제조한 복합재료의 열적 특성 및 기계적 강도를 조사하였다. 나노탄소섬유 매트/에폭시 복합재는 에폭시 수지와 유사한 열분해 거동을 보이고 있는 반면에 유리전이온도는 $106.9^{\circ}C$로 순수에폭시 수지의 유리전이온도($T_g$) $90.7^{\circ}C$보다 다소 높은 경향으로 나타나 열적 안정성이 향상된 결과로 사료된다. 리그닌 기반 공중합체 및 순수 PAN으로 만든 나노탄소섬유 매트의 인장강도는 각각 7.2 및 9.4 MPa로 나타났으며, 리그닌 기반 나노탄소섬유 매트/에폭시 복합재료의 인장강도는 43.0 MPa로 나타났다. 이는 나노탄소섬유 매트/에폭시 복합재료에서 에폭시 수지 매트릭스(matrix) 내에서 나노탄소섬유가 강화제(reinforcing filler)로 작용한 효과로 약 6배의 인장강도 향상을 보였다. 인장강도 측정 후 시편의 절단면에서 나노탄소섬유 자체의 높은 인장강도(478.8 MPa) 및 에폭시 수지와의 약한 계면접착성에 기인하는 나노섬유의 뽑힘현상이 관찰되었다.

Keywords

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