Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effects of foundation size on the seismic performance of buildings considering the soil-foundation-structure interaction

  • Nguyen, Quoc Van (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)) ;
  • Fatahi, Behzad (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)) ;
  • Hokmabadi, Aslan S. (Ove Arup & Partners)
  • Received : 2015.09.25
  • Accepted : 2016.03.30
  • Published : 2016.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Shallow footings are one of the most common types of foundations used to support mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones. Recent findings have revealed that the dynamic interaction between the soil, foundation, and the superstructure can influence the seismic response of the building during earthquakes. Accordingly, the properties of a foundation can alter the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil-foundation-structure system. In this paper the influence that shallow foundations have on the seismic response of a mid-rise moment resisting building is investigated. For this purpose, a fifteen storey moment resisting frame sitting on shallow footings with different sizes was simulated numerically using ABAQUS software. By adopting a direct calculation method, the numerical model can perform a fully nonlinear time history dynamic analysis to realistically simulate the dynamic behaviour of soil, foundation, and structure under seismic excitations. This three-dimensional numerical model accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the soil medium and structural elements. Infinite boundary conditions were assigned to the numerical model to simulate free field boundaries, and appropriate contact elements capable of modelling sliding and separation between the foundation and soil elements are also considered. The influence of foundation size on the natural frequency of the system and structural response spectrum was also studied. The numerical results for cases of soil-foundation-structure systems with different sized foundations and fixed base conditions (excluding soil-foundation-structure interaction) in terms of lateral deformations, inter-storey drifts, rocking, and shear force distribution of the structure were then compared. Due to natural period lengthening, there was a significant reduction in the base shears when the size of the foundation was reduced. It was concluded that the size of a shallow foundation influences the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the building due to interaction between the soil, foundation, and structure, and therefore design engineer should carefully consider these parameters in order to ensure a safe and cost effective seismic design.

Keywords

References

  1. ABAQUS (2012), Abaqus Analysis User's Manual, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp., USA.
  2. ACI318-08 (2008), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute.
  3. AS1170.4 (2007), Structural design actions-Earthquake actions in Australia, Standards Australia, Australia.
  4. AS2149 (2009), Pilling-Design and installation, Standards Australian, NSW, Australia.
  5. AS3600 2009), Concrete Structures, Standards Australia, NSW, Australia.
  6. ASCE7-10 (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures American Society of Civil Engineers.
  7. ATC-40 (1996), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, California Department of Transportation.
  8. Borja, R.I., Wu, W.H., Amies, A.P. and Smith, H.A. (1994), "Nonlinear lateral, rocking and torsional vibration of rigid foundations", J. Geotech. Eng., 120(3), 491-513. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:3(491)
  9. Bowles, J.E. (2001), Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill International, Editions, 5th Edition, Civil Engineering Series.
  10. BSSC (1997), NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, 1997 Edition, Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  11. BSSC (2009), NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures, Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  12. Chen, L. (2015), "Dynamic interaction between rigid surface foundations on multi-layered half space", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 16, 1550004.
  13. Chopra, A.K. (2007), Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall.
  14. Chu, D. and Truman, K.Z. (2004), "Effects of pile foundation configurations in seismic soil-pile-structure interaction", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
  15. Cohen, M. and Jennings, P.C. (1983), "Silent boundary methods for transient analysis", Eds. Belytschko, T. and Hughes, T.J.R., Computational Methods for Transient Analysis, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
  16. CSI (2010), SAP2000 v14 Analysis Reference Manual, CSI (Computers and Structures Inc.), Berkley, California.
  17. Das, B.M. (1983), Fundamentals of soil dynamics, Elsevier.
  18. Dutta, S. C. and Roy, R. (2002. A critical review on idealization and modeling for interaction among soilfoundation-structure system. Computers & Structures, 80, 1579-1594. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00115-3
  19. Fatahi, B. and Tabatabaiefar, S. (2014), "Fully nonlinear versus equivalent linear computation method for seismic analysis of mid-rise buildings on soft soils", Int. J. Geomech., 14, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000354.
  20. Fatahi, B., Tabatabaiefar, S. and Samali, B. (2014), "Soil-structure interaction vs Site effect for seismic design of tall buildings on soft soil", Geomech. Eng., 16, 293-320.
  21. Gazetas, G. and Mylonakis, G. (1998), "Seismic soil-structure interaction: new evidence and emerging issues", Proc. 3rd Conf. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Seattle, USA.
  22. Hokmabadi, A.S., Fatahi, B. and Samali, B. (2012), "Recording inter-storey drifts of structures in timehistory approach for seismic design of building frames", Aust. J. Struct. Eng., 13, 175-179.
  23. Hokmabadi, A.S. and Fatahi, B. (2015), "Influence of foundation type on seismic performance of buildings considering soil-structure interaction", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., DOI: 10.1142/S0219455415500431.
  24. Hokmabadi, A.S., Fatahi, B. and Samali, B. (2014), "Assessment of soil-pile-structure interaction influencing seismic response of mid-rise buildings sitting on floating pile foundations", Comput. Geotech., 55, 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.08.011
  25. Koskinen, M. (2005), "Modeling of soil-structure interaction between railway bridge and soil", ABAQUS Users' Conference, Stockholm, Sweden.
  26. Kramer, S.L. (1996), Geotechnical earthquake engineering, Prentice Hall.
  27. Kramer, S.L. and Stewart, J.P. (2004), "Geotechnical aspects of seismic hazards", Eds. Bozorgnia, Y. and Bertero, V.V., Earthquake Engineering: From Engineering Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering, CRC Press.
  28. Ma, X.H., Cheng, Y.M., Au, S.K., Cai, Y.Q. and Xu, C.J. (2009), "Rocking vibration of a rigid strip footing on saturated soil", Comput. Geotech., 36, 928-933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.02.002
  29. Matinmanesh, H. and Asheghabadi, M.S. (2011), "Seismic analysis on soil-structure interaction of buildings over sandy soil", Procedia Eng., 14, 1713-1743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.215
  30. Meymand, P.J. (1998), "Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure in soft clay", PhD Thesis in Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkley.
  31. Moss, R.E., Crosariol, V. and Kuo, S. (2010), "Shake table testing to quantify seismic soil structure interaction of underground structures", International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, San Diego.
  32. Nguyen, D.D.C., Jo, S.B. and Kim, D.S. (2013), "Design method of piled-raft foundations under vertical load considering interaction effects", Comput. Geotech., 47, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.06.007
  33. Park, D. and Hashash, Y.M.A. (2004), "Soil damping formulation in nonlinear time domain site response analysis", J. Earthq. Eng., 8, 249-274.
  34. PEER (2012), PEER Ground Motion Database, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre. University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  35. Poulos, H. and Davis, E. (1980), Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley and Sons.
  36. Rahvar (2006), Geotechnical investogation and foundation design report of Mahshahr train station, P.O. Rahvar Pty Ltd, Iran Railway Authority, Mahshar, Iran.
  37. Ryan, K.L. and Polanco, J. (2008), "Problems with Rayleigh damping in base-isolated buildings", J. Struct. Eng., 134, 1780-1784. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:11(1780)
  38. Sameti, A.R. and Ghannad, M.A. (2014), "Equivalent linear model for existing soil-structure systems", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 16, 1450099.
  39. Sbartai, B. (2015), "Dynamic interaction of two adjacent foundations embedded in a viscoelastic soil", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 16, 1450110.
  40. Seed, H.B. and Idriss, I. (1969), "Influence of soil conditions on ground motion during earthquakes", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, 95, 99-137.
  41. Shing, B.P. and Tanabe, T. (2001), Modeling of inelastic behavior of RC structures under seismic loads, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA.
  42. Stewart, J., Fenves, G. and Seed, R. (1999), "Seismic soil-structure interaction in buildings. I: Analytical aspects", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., 125, 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(26)
  43. Tabatabaiefar, H.R., Fatahi, B. and Samali, B. (2013), "Seismic behavior of building frames considering dynamic soil-structure interaction", Int. J. Geomech., 13, 409-420. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000231
  44. Tabatabaiefar, S., Fatahi, B. and Samali, B. (2014a), "An empirical relationship to determine lateral seismic response of mid-rise building frames under influence of soil-structure interaction", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 23, 526-548. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1058
  45. Tabatabaiefar, S. and Fatahi, B. (2014), "Idealisation of soil-structure system to determine inelastic seismic response of mid-rise building frames", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 66, 339-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.08.007
  46. Tabatabaiefar, S., Fatahi, B. and Samali, B. (2014b), "Numerical and experimental investigations on seismic response of building frames under influence of soil-structure interaction", Adv. Struct. Eng., 17, 109-130. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.1.109
  47. Veletsos, A. and Prasad, A. (1989), "Seismic interaction of structures and soils: stochastic approach", J. Struct. Eng., 115, 935-956. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:4(935)
  48. Veletsos, A.S. and Meek, J.W. (1974), "Dynamic behaviour of building-foundation systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 3, 121-138. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290030203
  49. Vucetic, M. and Dobry, R. (1991), "Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response", J. Geotech. Eng., 117, 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:1(89)
  50. Wolf, J. (1998), Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis in Time Domain, Prentice Hall Co, New Jersey.

Cited by

  1. Influence of Size and Load-Bearing Mechanism of Piles on Seismic Performance of Buildings Considering Soil–Pile–Structure Interaction vol.17, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000869
  2. Perfectly Matched Discrete Layers with Analytical Wavelengths for Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis 2018, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418501031
  3. Three-Dimensional Response of Neighboring Buildings Sitting on Pile Foundations to Seismic Pounding vol.18, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001093
  4. Testing specimen effect on shrinkage of lightweight concrete vol.171, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00125
  5. Effect of Seismic Soil–Pile–Structure Interaction on Mid- and High-Rise Steel Buildings Resting on a Group of Pile Foundations vol.18, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001222
  6. Numerical damage localisation for building systems including dynamic soil-structure interaction pp.1744-8980, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2018.1552711
  7. Soil inertial factors for seismic bearing capacity vol.172, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.17.00194
  8. Seismic analysis of turbo machinery foundation: Shaking table test and computational modeling vol.12, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.6.629
  9. Seismic response of soil-structure interaction using the support vector regression vol.63, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.1.115
  10. Size effect and age factor in mechanical properties of BST Light Weight Concrete vol.177, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.115
  11. Simplified model for analysis of soil-foundation system under cyclic pushover loading vol.67, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.67.3.267
  12. Performance of Geo-Base Isolation System with Geogrid Reinforcement vol.19, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001469
  13. Impact of In Situ Soil Shear-Wave Velocity Profile on the Seismic Design of Tall Buildings on End-Bearing Piles vol.33, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001320
  14. Site response analysis in cross-anisotropic alluvial deposits subjected to inclined incident SH wave vol.4, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-019-0219-y
  15. Smoothed response spectra including soil-structure interaction effects vol.19, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0546-1
  16. Three-Dimensional Simulation of Seismic Slope-Foundation-Structure Interaction for Buildings Near Shallow Slopes vol.20, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001529
  17. Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations vol.14, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0570-2
  18. Interpretation of Dynamic Pile Load Testing for Open-Ended Tubular Piles Using Finite-Element Method vol.20, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001564
  19. Dynamic response and design of a skirted strip foundation subjected to vertical vibration vol.20, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.4.345
  20. Effect of Number of Stories on the Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Performance of Midrise Frame Structures vol.809, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/809/1/012011
  21. Effect of Raft and Column Sizes on the Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Performance of Fifteen Storey Midrise Frame Structures vol.809, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/809/1/012012
  22. Implication of Soil-Structure Interaction on Deteriorate Existing Frames in Penang vol.864, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/864/1/012035
  23. Seismic settlement of a strip foundation resting on a dry sand vol.103, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04090-w
  24. Response of low-rise building with geotechnical seismic isolation system vol.136, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106187
  25. Comparison of seismic behavior of steel building adjacent to slope topography by considering fixed-base, SSI and TSSI vol.21, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-020-00266-8
  26. A polynomial mathematical tool for foundation-soil-foundation interaction vol.23, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.23.6.547
  27. Study the seismic response of reinforced concrete high-rise building with dual framed-shear wall system considering the effect of soil structure interaction vol.43, pp.p2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.111
  28. Influence of soil model complexity on the seismic response of shallow foundations vol.24, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.2.193
  29. Slope topography effect on the seismic response of mid-rise buildings considering topography-soil-structure interaction vol.20, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.2.187
  30. Seismic performance of buildings supported by a shallow doubly-curved shell raft foundation vol.36, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.12.015
  31. Impacts of Pile Foundation Arrangement on Seismic Response of LNG Tanks Considering Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction vol.36, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001689