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Growth Inhibitory Factors of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) after Broadcasting under Growing Rice from 2014 to 2015

2014 / 2015년 이탈리안 라이그라스 (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)의 벼 입모 중 파종 재배시 생육저해 요인 분석

  • Kim, Young-Jin (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Ki-Choon (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Hak (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Jeong-Sung (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Hyung-Soo (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Yong (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Ji, Hee-Chung (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Hoon (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Gi-Jun (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Won-Ho (Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
  • 김영진 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 최기춘 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 이상학 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 정종성 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 박형수 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 김기용 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 지희정 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 이상훈 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 최기준 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 김원호 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과)
  • Received : 2015.12.11
  • Accepted : 2016.02.14
  • Published : 2016.03.31

Abstract

The growth of Italian ryegrass (IRG) after wintering was very low in 2015 when IRG was broadcasted under growing rice in fall of 2014. To determine growth inhibitory factors of IRG, we examined the growth conditions of IRG in Nonsan region and meteorological conditions in Daejeon nearby Nonsan. Minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. $8^{th}$ and $9^{th}$ of 2015 after wintering of IRG were $8.8^{\circ}C$, 10.7 m/s and $12.4^{\circ}C$, 9.6m/s, respectively. Air temperature was suddenly dropped due to strong wind with snow showers, which had unfavorable effect on root growth of IRG exposed at the soil surface. The minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. $12^{th}$, $13^{th}$, and $14^{th}$ of 2015 were $4.1^{\circ}C$, 11.6 m/s, $-5.6^{\circ}C$, 10.3 m/s, and $-4.7^{\circ}C$, 7.5 m/s, respectively. The growth circumstance of IRG was not good because soil was dried due to drought continued from January. The minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. $26^{th}$, $27^{th}$, and $28^{th}$ of 2015 were $1.8^{\circ}C$, 13.7 m/s, $-3.5^{\circ}C$, 10.6 m/s, and $4.1^{\circ}C$, 6.8 m/s, respectively. The number of wilting of IRG was more than 59% until Mar. $3^{rd}$ of 2015. IRG faced irreparable environment (low minimum temperatures and extreme instantaneous wind speeds) for 9 days from Mar. $4^{th}$ to Mar. $12^{th}$ of 2015. The main reason for the decrease of IRG productivity was collection delay of rice straw after rice harvest because there was continuous rain between Oct. and Nov. of 2014. For this reason, weakly grown IRG under rice straw was withered after wintering. IRG was withered by frost heaving, drought, and instantaneous wind speed in the spring. Furthermore, the root of IRG was damaged while growing in excess moisture in the surface of paddy soil during the winter season due to rain.

2014/2015년도 전국 동계사료작물, 특히 벼 입모 중 파종했던 이탈리안 라이그라스의 월동 후 생육 상황은 매우 저조했다. 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생육저해 요인을 찾기 위해 충남 논산지역의 생육상황과 인근 대전지역의 기상을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 월동 후인 2015년 2월 8일과 9일의 최저기온과 최대순간풍속은 각각 $-8.8^{\circ}C$와 10.7 m/s, $-12.4^{\circ}C$와 9.6 m/s로서 소낙눈을 동반한 강풍이 불면서 온도도 매우 낮았는데, 이는 토양 과습으로 토양 표면에 노출되어 있던 이탈리안 라이그라스의 뿌리 생장에 매우 불리하게 작용하였다. 연이어 2월 12, 13, 14일에도 각각 $-4.1^{\circ}C$와 11.6 m/s, $-5.6^{\circ}C$와 10.3 m/s, $-4.7^{\circ}C$와 7.5 m/s의 저온과 강풍피해를 받았다. 더욱이 1월부터 지속된 가뭄현상으로 건조상태가 지속되다가 2월 15, 16일에 19 mm의 강우가 내렸으나 생육을 회복하기엔 역부족이었다. 2월 26, 27, 28일에도 $-1.8^{\circ}C$와 13.7 m/s, $-3.5^{\circ}C$와 10.6 m/s, $-4.1^{\circ}C$와 6.8 m/s의 저온과 강풍피해가 있었다. 3월 3일까지 고사개체가 59% 이상으로 많았으며 3월 4일부터 12일까지 9일간의 저온과 강풍은 이탈리안 라이그라스를 생육 회복불능상태로 몰고 갔다. 따라서 2014/2015년의 이탈리안 라이그라스 수량감소의 주원인은 다음과 같이 분석되었다. 2014년 10월, 11월의 강우로 인하여 벼 수확 후 볏짚수거가 지연되어 볏짚 밑에 눌려 연약하게 자란 개체가 월동 후 저온에 고사되었다. 배수로 미설치로 논 토양 표면의 수분이 과다하여 뿌리를 땅속으로 내리지 못한 채 월동하게 된 이탈리안 라이그라스가 봄에 서릿발 및 가뭄과 강풍을 동반한 저온피해를 받아 뿌리가 말라버려 작물이 고사되어 버리는 상황이 발생되었다.

Keywords

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