Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Non-contact damage monitoring technique for FRP laminates using guided waves

  • Garg, Mohit (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar University) ;
  • Sharma, Shruti (Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University) ;
  • Sharma, Sandeep (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar University) ;
  • Mehta, Rajeev (Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University)
  • Received : 2015.08.09
  • Accepted : 2016.02.26
  • Published : 2016.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A non-contact, in-situ and non-invasive technique for health monitoring of submerged fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) laminates has been developed using ultrasonic guided waves. A pair of mobile transducers at specific angles of incidence to the submerged FRP specimen was used to excite Lamb wave modes. Lamb wave modes were used for comprehensive inspection of various types of manufacturing defects like air gaps and missing epoxy, introduced during manufacturing of FRP using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM). Further service induced damages like notches and surface defects were also studied and evaluated using guided waves. Quantitative evaluation of transmitted ultrasonic signal in defect ridden FRPs $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ healthy signal has been used to relate the extent of damage in FRPs. The developed technique has the potential to develop into a quick, real time health monitoring tool for judging the service worthiness of FRPs.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Naval Research Board

References

  1. Bagheri, A. and Rizzo, P. (2016), "Guided ultrasonic wave testing of an immersed plate with hidden defects", Opt. Eng., 55(1), 011003-011003.
  2. Ben, B.S., Ben, B.A., Vikram, K.A. and Yang, S.H. (2013), "Damage identification in composite materials using ultrasonic based Lamb wave method", Measurement, 46, 904-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.10.011
  3. Benammar, A., Drai, R. and Guessoum, A. (2008), "Detection of delamination defects in CFRP materials using ultrasonic signal processing", Ultrasonics, 48, 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2008.04.005
  4. Castaings, M. and Hosten, B. (2001), "Lamb and SH waves generated and detected by air-coupled ultrasonic transducers in composite material plates", NDT&E Int., 34, 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00065-7
  5. Chaki, S., Harizi, W., Bourse, G. and Ourak, M. (2015), "Multi-technique approach for non destructive diagnostic of structural composite materials using bulk ultrasonic waves, guided waves, acoustic emission and infrared thermography", Composites Part A, 78, 358-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.033
  6. Chakrapani, S.K. and Dayal, V. (2014), "The interaction of Rayleigh waves with delaminations in composite laminates", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 135(5), 2646-2653. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4869684
  7. De Angelis, G., Meo, M., Almond, D.P., Pickering, S.G. and Angioni, S.L. (2012), "A new technique to detect defect size and depth in composite structures using digital shearography and unconstrained optimization", NDT & E Int., 45(1), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.07.007
  8. Harb, M.S. and Yuan, F.G. (2016), "Non-contact ultrasonic technique for Lamb wave characterization in composite plates", Ultrasonics, 64, 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2015.08.011
  9. Hay, T.R. and Rose, J.L. (2002), "Guided wave testing optimization", Mater. Eval., 60(10), 1239-1344.
  10. Hay, T.R., Wei, L. and Rose, J.L. (2003), "Rapid inspection of composite skin-honeycomb core strucutres with ultrasonic guided waves", J. Compos. Mater., 37(10), 929-939. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998303037010005
  11. Hayashi, T. and Kawashima, K. (2002), "Multiple reflections of lamb waves at a delamination", Ultrasonics, 40,193-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00136-1
  12. Hayashi, T. and Rose, J.L. (2003), "Guided wave simulation and visualization by a semi-analytical finite element method", Mater. Eval., 61(1), 75-79.
  13. Hayashi, T., Rose, J.L., Kawashima, K. and Sun, Z. (2003), "Analysis of flexural mode focusing by a semi-analytical finite element method", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 113(3), 1241-1248. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1543931
  14. Hong, K.M., Kang, Y.J., Choi, I.Y., Kim, S.J. and Lee, G.D. (2015), "Ultrasonic signal analysis according to laser ultrasound generation position for the detection of delamination in composites", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 29(12), 5217-5222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-1121-y
  15. Hung, Y.Y., Luo, W.D., Lin, L. and Shang, H.M. (2000), "Evaluating the soundness of bonding using shearography", Compos. Struct., 50, 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00109-4
  16. Liu, L., Avioli, M.J. and Rose, J.L. (2001), "Incident angle selection for the guided wave inspection of pipe defects", Insight, 43(2), 33-38.
  17. Liu, X., Zhou, C. and Jiang, Z. (2012), "Damage localization in plate-like structure using built-in PZT sensor network", Smart Struct. Syst., 9(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2012.9.1.021
  18. Liu, Z.H., Yu, H.T., He, C.F. and Wu, B. (2013), "Delamination damage detection of laminated composite beams using air coupled ultrasonic transducers ", Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 56(7), 1269-1279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-013-5092-7
  19. Miao, X.T., Ye, L., Li, F.C., Sun, X.W., Peng, H.K., Lu, Y. and Meng, G. (2012), "A split spectrum processing of noise-contaminated wave signals for damage identification", Smart Struct. Syst., 10(3), 253-269. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2012.10.3.253
  20. Moll, J., Torres-Arredondo, M.A. and Fritzen, C.P. (2012), "Computational aspects of guided wave based damage localization algorithms in flat anisotropic structures", Smart Struct. Syst., 10(3), 229-251. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2012.10.3.229
  21. Na, W.B. and Kundu, T. (2002), "Underwater pipeline inspection using guided waves", J. Press. Vess. Technol., 124, 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1466456
  22. Palumbo, D., Tamborrino, R., Galietti, U., Aversa, P., Tatì, A. and Luprano, V.A.M. (2016), "Ultrasonic analysis and lock-in thermography for debonding evaluation of composite adhesive joints", NDT&E Int., 78, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.09.001
  23. Pistone, E., Li, K. and Rizzo, P. (2013), "Noncontact monitoring of immersed plates by means of laser induced ultrasounds", Struct. Health Monit., 12(5-6), 549-565. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921713506767
  24. Pistone, E. and Rizzo, P. (2015), "On the use of an array of ultrasonic immersion transducers for the nondestructive testing of immersed plates", Nondestruct. Test. Eval., 30(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2014.979817
  25. Providakis, C.P., Triantafillou, T.C., Karabalis, D., Papanicolaou, A., Stefanaki, K., Tsantilis, A. and Tzoura, E. (2014), "Simulation of PZT monitoring of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with CFRP", Smart Struct. Syst., 14(5), 811-830. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.5.811
  26. Putkis, O., Dalton, R.P. and Croxford, A.J. (2016), "The anisotropic propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in composite materials and implications for practical applications", Ultrasonics, 65, 390-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2014.11.013
  27. Ramadas, C., Balasubramaniam, K., Joshi, M. and Krishnamurthy, C.V. (2011a), "Characterisation of rectangular type delaminations in composite laminates through B-and D-scan images generated using Lamb Waves", NDT&E Int., 44, 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.01.002
  28. Ramadas, C., Hood, A., Padiyar, J., Balasubramaniam, K. and Joshi, M. (2011b), "Sizing of delamination using time-of-flight of the fundamental symmetric lamb modes", J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 30(10), 856-863. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684411411227
  29. Rizzo, P., Han, J.G. and Ni, X.L. (2010), "Structural health monitoring of immersed structures by means of guided ultrasonic waves", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 21(14), 1397-1407. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X10384170
  30. Sharma, S. and Mukherjee, A. (2014), "Damage detection in submerged plates using ultrasonic guided waves", Sadhana, 39(5), 1009-1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-014-0255-4
  31. Sharma, S. and Mukherjee, A. (2015a), "A non-contact technique for damage monitoring in submerged plates using guided waves", J. Test. Eval., 43(4), 1-16.
  32. Sharma, S. and Mukherjee, A. (2015b), "Ultrasonic guided waves for monitoring corrosion in submerged plates", Struct. Control Health Monit., 22(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1657
  33. Sihn, S., Kim, R.Y., Kawabe, K. and Tsai, S.W. (2007), "Experimental studies of thin-ply laminated composites", Compos. Sci. Technol., 67(6), 996-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.008
  34. Wilcox, P.D., Dalton, R.P., Lowe, M.J.S. and Cawley, P. (1999), "Mode and transducer selection for long range Lamb wave inspection", Key Eng. Mater., 167-168, 152-161. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.167-168.152
  35. De Angelis, G., Dati, E., Bernabei, M. and Leccese, F. (2015), "Development on aerospace composite structures investigation using thermography and shearography in comparison to traditional NDT methods", Metrology for Aerospace, IEEE, Benevento.
  36. Rizzo, P., Pistone, E. and Bagheri, A. (2015), "Guided ultrasonic waves for the NDT of immersed plates", Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing VI: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing, Brussels, May.

Cited by

  1. Monitoring degradation in concrete filled steel tubular sections using guided waves vol.19, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.19.4.371
  2. Effect of hygrothermal aging on GFRP composites in marine environment vol.25, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.25.1.093
  3. Causes of uncertainty in thermoelasticity measurements of structural elements vol.20, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.20.5.539