Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry (대한치과보존학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of C-shaped root canal configuration in maxillary molars in a Korean population using cone-beam computed tomography

  • Jo, Hyoung-Hoon (Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Min, Jeong-Bum (Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Hwang, Ho-Keel (Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University)
  • Received : 2015.10.20
  • Accepted : 2016.01.06
  • Published : 2016.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of root fusion and C-shaped root canals in maxillary molars, and to classify the types of C-shaped canal by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: Digitized CBCT images from 911 subjects were obtained in Chosun University Dental Hospital between February 2010 and July 2012 for orthodontic treatment. Among them, a total of selected 3,553 data of maxillary molars were analyzed retrospectively. Tomography sections in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were displayed by PiViewstar and Rapidia MPR software (Infinitt Co.). The incidence and types of root fusion and C-shaped root canals were evaluated and the incidence between the first and the second molar was compared using Chi-square test. Results: Root fusion was present in 3.2% of the first molars and 19.5% of the second molars, and fusion of mesiobuccal and palatal root was dominant. C-shaped root canals were present in 0.8% of the first molars and 2.7% of the second molars. The frequency of root fusion and C-shaped canal was significantly higher in the second molar than the first molar (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a Korean population, maxillary molars showed total 11.3% of root fusion and 1.8% of C-shaped root canals. Furthermore, root fusion and C-shaped root canals were seen more frequently in the maxillary second molars.

Keywords

References

  1. Cooke HG 3rd, Cox FL. C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars. J Am Dent Assoc 1979;99:836-839. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1979.0402
  2. Gulabivala K, Opasanon A, Ng YL, Alavi A. Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2002;35:56-62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00452.x
  3. Bolger WL, Schindler WG. A mandibular first molar with a C-shaped root configuration. J Endod 1988;14:515-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(88)80110-9
  4. Baisden MK, Kulild JC, Weller RN. Root canal configuration of the mandibular first premolar. J Endod 1992;18:505-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81352-X
  5. Newton CW, McDonald S. A C-shaped canal configuration in a maxillary first molar. J Endod 1984;10:397-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(84)80162-4
  6. Melton DC, Krell KV, Fuller MW. Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. J Endod 1991;17:384-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81990-4
  7. Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I - anatomical features. J Endod 2004;30:899-903. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000136207.12204.e4
  8. Jerome CE. C-shaped root canal systems: diagnosis, treatment, and restoration. Gen Dent 1994;42:424-427.
  9. Trope M, Elfenbein L, Tronstad L. Mandibular premolars with more than one root canal in different race groups. J Endod 1986;12:343-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(86)80035-8
  10. Weine FS, Hayami S, Hata G, Toda T. Canal configuration of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar of a Japanese sub-population. Int Endod J 1999;32:79-87. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00186.x
  11. Seo MS, Park DS. C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: clinical observation and in vitro analysis. Int Endod J 2004;37:139-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00772.x
  12. Yang ZP, Yang SF, Lin YC, Shay JC, Chi CY. C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:160-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00315.x
  13. Ross IF, Evanchik PA. Root fusion in molars: incidence and sex linkage. J Periodontol 1981;52:663-667. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1981.52.11.663
  14. Zheng QH, Wang Y, Zhou XD, Wang Q, Zheng GN, Huang DM. A cone-beam computed tomography study of maxillary first permanent molar root and canal morphology in a Chinese population. J Endod 2010;36:1480-1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.06.018
  15. Ng YL, Aung TH, Alavi A, Gulabivala K. Root and canal morphology of Burmese maxillary molars. Int Endod J 2001;34:620-630. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00438.x
  16. Alavi AM, Opasanon A, Ng YL, Gulabivala K. Root and canal morphology of Thai maxillary molars. Int Endod J 2002;35:478-485. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00511.x
  17. Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Ahuja R, Subbarao CV, Gutmann JL. Cone-beam computed tomography study of root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in an Indian population. J Endod 2010;36:1622-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.07.006
  18. Zhang R, Yang H, Yu X, Wang H, Hu T, Dummer PM. Use of CBCT to identify the morphology of maxillary permanent molar teeth in a Chinese subpopulation. Int Endod J 2011;44:162-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01826.x
  19. Kim Y, Lee SJ, Woo J. Morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a korean population: variations in the number of roots and canals and the incidence of fusion. J Endod 2012;38:1063-1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.025
  20. Yang ZP, Yang SF, Lee G. The root and root canal anatomy of maxillary molars in a Chinese population. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:215-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00324.x
  21. al Shalabi RM, Omer OE, Glennon J, Jennings M, Claffey NM. Root canal anatomy of maxillary first and second permanent molars. Int Endod J 2000;33:405-414. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00221.x
  22. Pecora JD, Woelfel JB, Sousa Neto MD. Morphologic study of the maxillary molars. 1. External anatomy. Braz Dent J 1991;2:45-50.
  23. De Moor RJ. C-shaped root canal configuration in maxillary first molars. Int Endod J 2002;35:200-208. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00461.x
  24. Dankner E, Friedman S, Stabholz A. Bilateral C shape configuration in maxillary first molars. J Endod 1990;16:601-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(07)80204-4
  25. Yilmaz Z, Tuncel B, Serper A, Calt S. C-shaped root canal in a maxillary first molar: a case report. Int Endod J 2006;39:162-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01069.x
  26. Singla M, Aggarwal V. C-Shaped palatal canal in maxillary second molar mimicking two palatal canals diagnosed with the aid of spiral computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:e92-e95.
  27. Kottoor J, Velmurugan N, Ballal S, Roy A. Four-rooted maxillary first molar having C-shaped palatal root canal morphology evaluated using cone-beam computerized tomography: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111:e41-e45.
  28. Manning SA. Root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars. Part II. C-shaped canals. Int Endod J 1990;23:40-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00801.x
  29. Haddad GY, Nehme WB, Ounsi HF. Diagnosis, classification, and frequency of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in the Lebanese population. J Endod 1999;25:268-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80157-5
  30. Tachibana H, Matsumoto K. Applicability of X-ray computerized tomography in endodontics. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:16-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00381.x

Cited by

  1. The morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a polish population vol.17, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-017-0243-3
  2. An original micro-CT study and meta-analysis of the internal and external anatomy of maxillary molars-implications for endodontic treatment pp.08973806, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23201
  3. Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal vol.18, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2090
  4. CBCT를 이용한 한국인 고령환자의 상악 대구치에서 치근 및 근관형태의 분석 vol.58, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2020.58.2.95
  5. Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment vol.46, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.020
  6. Maxillary First Molars with Two Palatal Root Canals vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8885923