References
- Sivani, S. and Sudarsanam, D. (2012) Impacts of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) from cell phone towers and wireless devices on biosystems and ecosystem - a review. Bio. Med., 4, 202-216.
- Kumar, N. and Kumar, G. (2009) Biological effects of cell tower radiation on human body, ISMOT, New Delhi, pp. 1365-1368.
- Kesari, K.K., Siddiqui, M.H., Meena, R., Verma, H.N. and Kumar, S. (2013) Cell phone radiation exposure on brain and associated biological systems. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 15, 187-200.
- Valberg, P.A., van Deventer, T.E. and Repacholi, M.H. (2007) Workgroup report: Base stations and wireless networks: Radiofrequency (RF) exposures and health consequences. Environ. Health Perspect., 115, 416-424.
- Repacholi, M.H. (2001) Health risks from the use of mobile phones. Toxicol. Lett., 120, 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00285-5
- Hamada, A.J., Singh, A. and Agarwal, A. (2011) Cell phones and their impact on male fertility: fact or fiction. Open Reprod. Sci. J., 5, 125-137.
- Hardell, L., Carlberg, M. and Hansson Mild, K. (2009) Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases. Pathophysiology, 16,113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.003
- Leszczynski, D., Joenvaara, S., Reivinen, J. and Kuokka, R. (2002) Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier related effects. Differentiation, 70, 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.700207.x
- World Health Organization (2007) Neurodegenerative disorders in environmental health criteria. p. 187.
- Wilmink, G.J. and Grundt, J.E. (2011) Invited Review Article: Current state of research on biological effects of terahertz radiation. J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves, 32, 1074-1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-011-9794-5
- Nittby, H., Grafstrom, G., Tian, D., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., Persson, B.R., Salford, L.G. and Eberhardt, J. (2008) Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation. Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20386
- Narayanan, S.N., Kumar, R.S., Potu, B.K., Nayak, S. and Mailankot, M. (2009) Spatial memory performance of Wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 64, 231-234.
- Frey, A.H. (1988) Evolution and results of biological research with low-intensity non-ionizing radiation in modern bioelectricity (Marino, A.A. Ed.). Dekker, New York, pp. 785-837.
- Salford, L.G., Brun, A., Eberhardt, J.L., Malmgren, L. and Persson, B.R. (2003) Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 881-883. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6039
- Baydas, G., Reiter, R.J., Nedzvetskii, V.S., Yasar, A., Tuzcu, M., Ozveren, F. and Canatan, H. (2003) Melatonin protects the central nervous system of rats against toluene-containing thinner intoxication by reducing reactive gliosis. Toxicol. Lett., 137, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00400-9
- Rodriguez, C., Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Antolin, I., Herrera, F., Martin, V. and Reiter, R.J. (2004) Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J. Pineal Res., 36, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x
- Baydas, G., Ozveren, F., Akdemir, I., Tuzcu, M. and Yasar, A. (2005) Learning and memory deficits in rats induced by chronic thinner exposure are reversed by melatonin. J. Pineal Res., 39, 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00212.x
- Gitto, E., Pellegrino, S., Gitto, P., Barberi, I. and Reiter, R.J. (2009) Oxidative stress of the newborn in the pre- and postnatal period and the clinical utility of melatonin. J. Pineal Res., 46, 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00649.x
- Korkmaz, A., Reiter, R.J., Topal, T., Manchester, L.C., Oter, S. and Tan, D.X. (2009) Melatonin: an established antioxidant worthy of use in clinical trials. Mol. Med., 15, 43-50.
- Menendez-Pelaez, A., Poeggeler, B., Reiter, R.J., Barlow-Walden, L., Pablos, M.I. and Tan, D.X. (1993) Nuclear localization of melatonin in different mammalian tissues: immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay evidence. J. Cell. Biochem., 53, 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240530415
- Antolin, I., Rodriguez, C., Sainz, R.M., Mayo, J.C., Uria, H., Kotler, M.L., Rodriguez-Colunga, M.J., Tolivia, D. and Menendez-Pelaez, A. (1996) Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: effect on gene expression for antioxidant enzymes. FASEB J., 10, 882-890. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.10.8.8666165
- Barlow-Walden, L.R., Reiter, R.J., Abe, M., Pablos, M., Menendez-Pelaez, A., Chen, L.D. and Poeggeler, B. (1995) Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem. Int., 26, 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(94)00154-M
- Melchiorri, D., Reiter, R.J., Attia, A.M., Hara, M., Burgos, A. and Nistico, G. (1995) Potent protective effect of melatonin on in vivo paraquat-induced oxidative damage in rats. Life Sci., 56, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(94)00417-Q
- Reiter, R., Tang, L., Garcia, J.J. and Munoz-Hoyos, A. (1997) Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology. Life Sci., 60, 2255-2271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00030-1
- Hardeland, R., Tan, D.X. and Reiter, R.J. (2009) Kynuramines, metabolites of melatonin and other indoles: the resurrection of an almost forgotten class of biogenic amines. J. Pineal Res., 47, 109-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00701.x
- Lamb, E.A., Echevarria, D.J. and Jouandot, D.J. (2012) The utility of the T-maze in assessing learning, memory and models of neurological disorders in the zebrafish. Behaviour, 149, 1081-1097. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003027
- Guo, S. (2004) Linking genes to brain, behavior, and neurological diseases: What can we learn from zebrafish? Genes Brain Behav., 3, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1601-183X.2003.00053.x
- Zhdanova, I.V., Yu, L., Lopez-Patino, M., Shang, E., Kishi, S. and Guelin, E. (2008) Aging of the circadian system in zebrafish and the effects of melatonin on sleep and cognitive performance. Brain Res. Bull., 75, 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.10.053
- Cognato, G.P., Bortolotto, J.W., Blazina, A.R., Christoff, R.R., Lara, D.R., Vianna, M.R. and Bonan, C.D. (2012) Y-Maze memory task in zebrafish (Danio rerio): The role of glutamatergic and cholinergic systems on the acquisition and consolidation periods. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 98, 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2012.09.008
- Hall, C.S. (1934) Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J. Com. Psychol., 18, 385-403. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071444
- Christmas, A.J. and Maxwell, D.R. (1970) A comparison of the effects of some benzodiazepines and other drugs on aggressive and exploratory behaviour in mice and rats. Neuropharmacology, 9, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(70)90044-4
- Prut, L. and Belzung, C. (2003) The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 463, 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01272-X
- Egan, R.J., Bergner, C.L., Hart, P.C., Cachat, J.M., Canavello, P.R., Elegante, M.F., Elkhayat, S.I., Bartels, B.K., Tien, A.K., Tien, D.H., Mohnot, S., Beeson, E., Glasgow, E., Amri, H., Zukowska, Z. and Kalueff, A.V. (2009) Understanding behavioral and physiological phenotypes of stress and anxiety in zebrafish. Behav. Brain Res., 205, 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.06.022
- Levin, E.D., Bencan, Z. and Cerutti, D.T. (2007) Anxiolytic effects of nicotine in zebrafish. Physiol. Behav., 90, 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.026
- Bencan, Z., Sledge, D. and Levin, E.D. (2009) Buspirone, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam effects in a zebrafish model of anxiety. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 94, 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2009.07.009
- Stewart, A., Cachat, J., Wong, K., Gaikwad, S., Gilder, T., DiLeo, J., Chang, K., Utterback, E. and Kalueff, A.V. (2010) Homebase behavior of zebrafish in novelty-based paradigms. Behav. Processes, 85, 198-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2010.07.009
- Grossman, L., Utterback, E., Stewart, A., Gaikwad, S., Chung, K.M., Suciu, C., Wong, K., Elegante, M., Elkhayat, S., Tan, J., Gilder, T., Wu, N., Dileo, J., Cachat, J. and Kalueff, A.V. (2010) Charactrisation of behavioural and endocrine effects of LSD on zebrafish. Behav. Brain Res., 214, 277-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.039
- Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K. (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
- Sedlak, J. and Lindsay, R.H. (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal. Biochem., 25, 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(68)90092-4
- Beers, R.F. Jr. and Sizer, I.W. (1952) A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem., 195, 133-140.
- Sun, M. and Zigman, S. (1978) An improved spectrophotometric assay for superoxide dismutase based on epinephrine autoxidation. Anal. Biochem., 90, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90010-6
- International Telecommunications Union (2010) The world in 2010: ICT facts and figures. Available from: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/FactsFigures2010.pdf.
- Kesari, K.K., Kumar, S. and Behari, J. (2010) Mobile phone usage and male infertility in Wistar rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 48, 987-992.
- Dasdag, S., Akdag, M.Z., Kizil, G., Kizil, M., Cakir, D.U. and Yokus, B. (2012) Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 31, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2011.624654
- Finnie, J.W., Cai, Z., Manavis, J., Helps, S. and Blumbergs, P.C. (2010) Microglial activation as a measure of stress in mouse brains exposed acutely (60 minutes) and long-term (2 years) to mobile telephone radiofrequency fields. Pathology, 42, 151-154. https://doi.org/10.3109/00313020903494086
- Collier, A.D. and Echevarria, D.J. (2013) The utility of the zebrafish model in conditioned place preference to assess the rewarding effects of drugs. Behav. Pharmacol., 24, 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e328363d14a
- Iturriaga-Vasquez, P., Osorio, F., Riquelme, S., Catro, S. and Herzog, R. (2012) Zebrafish: A model for behavioural pharmacology. Rev. Farmacol. Chile, 5, 27-32.
- Oliveira, R.F. (2013) Mind the fish: zebrafish as a model in cognitive social neuroscience. Front. Neural Circuits, 7, 131.
-
Bencan, Z. and Levin, E.D. (2008) The role of
${\alpha}$ 7 and${\alpha}$ 4${\beta}$ 2 nicotinic receptors in the nicotine-induced anxiolytic effect in zebrafish. Physiol. Behav., 95, 408-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.009 -
Braida, D., Limonta, V., Pegorini, S., Zani, A., Guerini-Rocco, C., Gori, E. and Sala, M. (2007) Hallucinatory and rewarding effect of salvinorin A in zebrafish:
${\kappa}$ -opioid and$CB_1$ -cannabinoid receptor involvement. Psychopharmacology, 190, 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0639-1 - Lopez Patino, M.A., Yu, L., Yamamoto, B.K. and Zhdanova, I.V. (2008) Gender differences in zebrafish responses to cocaine withdrawal. Physiol. Behav., 95, 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.03.021
- Bass, S.L. and Gerlai, R. (2008) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) responds differentially to stimulus fish: the effects of sympatric and allopatric predators and harmless fish. Behav. Brain Res., 186, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.037
- Speedie, N. and Gerlai, R. (2008) Alarm substance induced behavioral responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav. Brain Res., 188, 168-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.031
- Stewart, A., Gaikwad, S., Kyzar, E., Green, J., Roth, A. and Kalueff, A. (2012) Modeling anxiety using adult zebrafish: A conceptual review. Neuropharmacology, 62, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.037
- Daniels, W.M., Pitout, I.L., Afullo, T.J. and Mabandla, M.V. (2009) The effect of electromagnetic radiation in the mobile phone range on the behaviour of the rat. Metab. Brain Dis., 24, 629-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-009-9164-3
- Sokolovic, D., Djordjevic, B., Kocic, G., Babovic, P., Ristic, G., Stanojkovic, Z., Sokolovic, D.M., Veljkovic, A., Jankovic, A. and Radovanovic, Z. (2012) The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone. Bratisl. Lek. Listy., 113, 265-269.
- Haarala, C., Takio, F., Rintee, T., Laine, M., Koivisto, M., Revonsuo, A. and Hamalainen, H. (2007) Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: effects on human cognitive function. Bioelectromagnetics, 28, 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20287
- Kwon, M.S., Koivisto, M., Laine, M. and Hamalainen, H. (2008) Perception of the electromagnetic field emitted by a mobile phone. Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20375
- Ntzouni, M.P., Stamatakis, A., Stylianopoulou, F. and Margaritis, L.H. (2011) Short-term memory in mice is affected by mobile phone radiation. Pathophysiology, 18, 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.11.001
- Schrader, S.M. and Kanitz, M.H. (1994) Occupational hazards to male reproduction in occupational medicine: State of the art reviews. (Gold, E., Schenker, M. and Lasley, B. Ed.). Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia, pp. 405-414.
- Rahman, K. (2007) Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2, 219-236.
- Lillig, C.H., Berndt, C. and Holmgren, A. (2008) Glutaredoxin systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1780, 1304-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.06.003
- Conterato, G.M., Augusti, P.R., Somacal, S., Einsfeld, L., Sobieski, R., Torres, J.R. and Emaneulli, T. (2007) Effect of lead acetate on cytosolic thioredoxin reductase activity and oxidative stress parameters in rat kidneys. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 101, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00084.x
- Narayanan, P.K., Carter, W.O., Ganey, P.E., Roth, R.A., Voytik-Harbin, S.L. and Robinson, J.P. (1998) Impairment of human neutrophil oxidative burst by polychlorinated biphenyls: inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity. J. Leukoc. Biol., 63, 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlb.63.2.216
- Manda, K., Ueno, M. and Anzai, K. (2008) Space radiationinduced inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and memory impairment in mice: ameliorative potential of the melatonin metabolite, AFMK. J. Pineal Res., 45, 430-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00611.x
Cited by
- Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters and Brain Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats Exposed Chronically to Silver Nitrate and the Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium vol.32, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2016.32.4.301
- Risk management of free radicals involved in air travel syndromes by antioxidants vol.21, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2018.1427914
- Spermidine Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models Using Macrophages and Zebrafish vol.26, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.272