Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
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Succession of bacterial community structure during the early stage of biofilm development in the Antarctic marine environment

남극 해양에서 생물막 생성 초기 단계의 세균 군집 구조 변화

  • Lee, Yung Mi (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Kyung Hee (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Hwang, Kyuin (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Eun Hye (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Mincheol (Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Hong, Soon Gyu (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Hong Kum (Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute)
  • 이영미 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부) ;
  • 조경희 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부) ;
  • 황규인 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부) ;
  • 김은혜 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부) ;
  • 김민철 (극지연구소 북극환경자원연구센터) ;
  • 홍순규 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부) ;
  • 이홍금 (극지연구소 극지생명과학연구부)
  • Received : 2016.02.11
  • Accepted : 2016.03.11
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

Compared to planktonic bacterial populations, biofilms have distinct bacterial community structures and play important ecological roles in various aquatic environments. Despite their ecological importance in nature, bacterial community structure and its succession during biofilm development in the Antarctic marine environment have not been elucidated. In this study, the succession of bacterial community, particularly during the early stage of biofilm development, in the Antarctic marine environment was investigated by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Overall bacterial distribution in biofilms differed considerably from surrounding seawater. Relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes which accounted for 78.9-88.3% of bacterial community changed drastically during biofilm succession. Gammaproteobacteria became more abundant with proceeding succession (75.7% on day 4) and decreased to 46.1% on day 7. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes showed opposite trend to Gammaproteobacteria, decreasing from the early days to the intermediate days and becoming more abundant in the later days. There were striking differences in the composition of major OTUs (${\geq}1%$) among samples during the early stages of biofilm formation. Gammaproteobacterial species increased until day 4, while members of Bacteroidetes, the most dominant group on day 1, decreased until day 4 and then increased again. Interestingly, Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis was predominant, accounting for up to 67.4% of the biofilm bacterial community and indicating its important roles in the biofilm development.

부유 세균의 군집과 구별되는 생물막내 세균 군집은 다양한 수생태계에서 중요한 생태학적 역할을 수행한다. 자연계에서 생물막이 생태학적으로 중요함에도 불구하고, 남극 해양 환경에서 생물막 형성 과정 동안의 세균 군집 구조와 그들의 변화에 대한 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구에서, 남극 해양 환경에서 생물막 형성 초기 단계에서의 세균 군집 구조 변화를 16S rRNA 유전자의 pyrosequencing을 통해 수행하였다. 생물막내 전반적인 세균 군집은 주변의 해수의 군집과 매우 달랐다. 전체 세균 군집의 78.8%에서 88.3%를 차지한 Gammaproteobacteria와 Bacteroidetes의 상대적 풍부도는 생물막의 형성에 따라 급격하게 변하였다. Gammaproteobacteria는 생물막 형성 진행에 따라 증가하다가 (4일째에 75.7%), 7일째에 46.1%로 감소하였다. 반면, Bacteroidetes는 초기에서 중기로 갈수록 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 양상을 보이며, Gammaproteobacteria와 반대의 변화 양상을 나타내었다. 생물막 형성의 초기 과정에 우점 하는 OTU (>1%)들의 변화 양상은 시기에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. Gammaproteobacteria에 속하는 종의 경우, 4일째까지 증가한 반면, 첫째날 가장 우점 하였던 문인 Bacteroidetes에 속하는 종은 4일째까지 감소한 후, 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 흥미롭게, Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis가 67.4%를 차지하며 우점 하였는데, 이는 생물막 형성에 이 종이 중요한 역할을 수행함을 시사하는 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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