Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Blood on Low Temperature Stress in Sevenband Grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus

저수온 스트레스에 따른 능성어 (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) 혈액의 생리생화학적 반응

  • Park, Jong Youn (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS) ;
  • Park, Jae Min (Gyeong-sangbuk-Do Native Fish Business Center) ;
  • Hong, Chang Gi (Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS) ;
  • Kim, Kyong Min (Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS) ;
  • Cho, Jae Kwon (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
  • 박종연 (국립수산과학원 양식관리과) ;
  • 박재민 (경상북도 토속어류산업화센터) ;
  • 홍창기 (남해수산연구소 해역산업과) ;
  • 김경민 (남해수산연구소 해역산업과) ;
  • 조재권 (국립수산과학원 양식관리과)
  • Received : 2016.02.29
  • Accepted : 2016.03.18
  • Published : 2016.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus at low temperature condition in winter season. Water temperature was dropped from $12^{\circ}C$ to $5^{\circ}C$ by two different interval (interval I: $-1^{\circ}C/24h$ and interval II: $-1^{\circ}C/8h$). The experimental fishes were exposed for 9 days at each water temperature condition, and were observed survival rate. The blood sample was collected from fishes for analysis of cortisol, glucose, total protein (TP), and electrolytes ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$). Mortality of fish was not observed until $5^{\circ}C$. The mortality (12 individuals) began after 170 h and all fish were death after 174 h in interval I case, whereas the mortality (9 individuals) began after 72 h and all fish were death after 76 h in interval II case. Little different was observed in the physiological responses, but trend was similar between two intervals. The physiological metabolism of plasma cortisol and glucose were increased rapidly, and swimming ability and respiration response was faster at $7^{\circ}C$. This result means that the critical temperature of sevenband grouper was $7^{\circ}C$ at low water temperature condition.

본 연구는 능성어 (Epinephelus septemfasciatus)의 겨울철 저수온으로 발생하는 폐사원인 규명을 위한 생리생화학적인 반응을 조사하기 위하여 수온 $12^{\circ}C$를 대조구로 Exp. I ($-1^{\circ}C/24h$), Exp. II ($-1^{\circ}C/8h$)의 실험구를 정하여 9일간에 걸쳐 생존율, 코티졸, 글루코스, 총단백질 및 전해질 농도를 측정하였다. 생존율은 Exp. I 실험구의 경우 사육수온 $5^{\circ}C$로 하강한 후 170시간째 12마리의 폐사를 시작으로 174시간째에 전 개체 폐사하였다. 반면 Exp. II 실험구의 경우 $5^{\circ}C$로 하강한 후 72시간째 9 마리의 폐사를 시작으로 76시간째 전 개체가 폐사하였다. 생리적 반응은 Exp. I과 Exp. II의 미비한 차이는 있으나 비슷한 경향이 나타났으며, 혈장 코티졸과 글루코스의 대사생리가 $7^{\circ}C$에 급격하고 상승하고, 유영능력과 아가미 개폐운동이 빨라졌다. 이상의 결과로 능성어의 저수온 내성의 임계수온은 $7^{\circ}C$로 추정된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adam, S.M. 1990. Biological indicators of stress in fish. American Fish. Soc. Bethesda MD., pp. 1-8.
  2. Barton, B.A. and G.K. Iwama. 1991. Physiological change in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annu, Rev. Fish. Dis., 1: 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(91)90019-G
  3. Blasco, J., I. Marimon, I. Viaplana and J. Fernandez-Borras. 2001. Fate of plasma glucose in tissues of brown trout in vivo: effects of fasting and glucose loading. Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 24: 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014084313207
  4. Byrne, P., D. Speare and H.W. Ferguson. 1989. Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemisty of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Dis. Aquat. Org., 6: 195-196.
  5. Cataldi, E., P. Di Marco, A. Mandich and S. Cataudella. 1998. Serum parameters of Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): effects of temperature and stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 121: 351-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10134-4
  6. Chang, Y.J. and J.W. Hur. 1999. Physiological responses of greymullet (Mugil cephalus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by rapid changes in salinity of rearing water. J. Korean Fish. Soc., 32: 310-316. (in Korean)
  7. Chang, Y.J., B.H. Min and C.Y. Choi. 2007. Black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) prolactin cDNA sequence: mRNA expression and blood physiological responses during freshwater acclimation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 147: 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.01.006
  8. Choi, C.Y., B.H. Min, N.N. Kim, S.H. Cho and Y.J. Chang. 2006. Expression of HSP90, HSP70 mRNA and change of plasma cortisol and glucose during water temperature rising in freshwater adapted black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. J. Aquac., 19: 315-322. (in Korean)
  9. Choi, C.Y., B.H. Min, P.G. Jo and Y.J. Chang. 2007. Molecular cloning of PEPCK and stress response of black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) to increased temperature in freshwater and seawater. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 152: 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.02.019
  10. Cho, J.K., C.G. Hong, J.Y. Park, M.H. Son, C.G. Park and J.M. Park. 2015. Effect of water temperature salinity on the egg development and larveae of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus. Korean J. Ichthyol., 27: 21-25. (in Korean)
  11. Davis, K.B. and N.C. Parker. 1990. Physiological stress in striped bass: effect of acclimation temperature. Aquaculture, 91: 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90199-W
  12. Davis, K.B. and M. McEntire. 2009. Comparison of the cortisol and glucose stress response to acute confinement among white bass, Morone chrysops, striped bass, Morone saxatilis, and sunshin bass, Morone chrysopsxMorone saxatilis. J. The World Aquacult. Soc., 40: 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00275.x
  13. Fry, F.E.J. 1997. The effect of environmental factors on the physiology of fish. In: Hoar, W.S. and D.J. Randall (eds.), Fish Physiology, VOL.9, Academic Press, New York, pp. 1-198.
  14. Hassan, B., M. El-Salhia, A. Khalifa, H. Assem, H. Assem, A. AlBasomy and M. El-Sayed. 2013. Environmental isotonicity improves cold tolerance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in Egypt. Egyptian J. Aquatic., 39: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2013.03.004
  15. Hong, C.C., J.K. Cho, J.Y. Park, M.H. Son, J.M. Park, K.H. Han and H.W. Kang. 2015. Ovulation induction effect of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus by treating hormones. JFMSE J., 27: 981-989. https://doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2015.27.4.981
  16. Hur, J.W., I.S. Park and Y.J. Chang. 2007. Physiological response of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, to a series stress during the transportation process. Ichtyol. Res., 54: 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-006-0370-2
  17. Hur, J.W. and H.R. Habibi. 2007. Physiological response and hematological characteristics of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to water termperature shock. Korean J. Ichthyol., 19: 93-100. (in Korean)
  18. Ishioka, H. 1980. Stress reactions in the marine fish. I. Stress reactions induced by temperature change. Bull. Jap. Sci. Fish., 46: 523-532. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.46.523
  19. Jeon, J.K., P.K. Kim, Y.J. Park and H.T. Huh. 1995. Study of serum constituents in several species of cultured fish. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28: 123-130. (in Korean)
  20. Kang, D.Y., H.W. Kang, G.H. Kim, K.C. Jo and H.C. Kim. 2007. Effect of cold shock on the physiological responses of the cultured mullet, Mugil haematocheilus in winter. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 40: 226-233. (in Korean)
  21. Kim, B.H., K.M. Kim, Y.D. Lee, C.B. Song and S. Rho. 1997. Reproductive biology of the sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus I. The effect of HCG on ovulation induction. J. Aquacult., 10: 55-61. (in Korean)
  22. Kim, S.H., C.H. Lee, Y.B. Song, H.S. Ju, H.B. Kim and Y.D. Lee. 2012. Ultrastructure of blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus spermatozoa. Korean J. Microscopy., 42: 61-66. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9729/AM.2012.42.2.061
  23. Lee, C.K., S.B. Hur, T.S. Ko and S. Park. 1998. Maturation, sex ratio and sex-reversal of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. J. Aquaculture, 11: 573-580. (in Korean)
  24. Mazeaud, M., F. Mazeaud and E.M. Dinaldson. 1977. Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish: some new data with a general review. Trans. Ame. Fish. Soc., 106: 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<201:PASEOS>2.0.CO;2
  25. McLeay, D.J. and D.A. Brown. 1979. Stress and chronic effects of untreated and treated bleached keaft pulpmill effuent on the biochemistry and stamina of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). J. Fish. Res board Can., 36: 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-147
  26. Min, B.H., G.A. Noh, M.H. Jeong, D.Y. Kang, C.Y. Choi, I.C. Bang and Y.J. Chang. 2006. Effects of oral administration of thyroid hormone on physiological activity and growth of black porgy reared in freshwater or seawater. J. Aquaculture, 19: 149-156. (in Korean)
  27. Min, B.H., M.S. Park, J.I. Myeong and H.K. Hwang. 2013. Physiological stress responses in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii subjected to acute hypoxia. Kor. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 46: 819-826. (in Korean)
  28. Mommsen, T.P., M.M. Vijayan and T.W. Moon. 1999. Cortisol in teleosts: dynamic, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish, 9: 211-268. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008924418720
  29. Nakagawa, H., M. Kayama and K. Ikuta. 1977. Electrophoretic evidence of seasonal variation of carp plasma albumin. J. Fac. Fish. Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ., 16: 99-106.
  30. Nolan, D.T., R.L.J.M. Op't Veld, P.H.M. Balm and S.E. Wendelaar Bonga. 1999. Ambient salinity modulates the response of the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) to net confinement. Aquaculture, 177: 297-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00093-9
  31. Ozaki, H. 1978. Physiology of fish, Vol. 1, Blood. Circulation. Midori-shobo. Tokyo, 326 p.
  32. Parihar, M.S., A.K. Dubey, T. Javeri and P. Prakash. 1996. Changs in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, ascorbic acid and phospholipid content in liver of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to elevated temperature. J. Therm. Biol., 21: 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(96)00016-2
  33. Parihar, M.S., T. Javeri, T. Hemnani, A.K. Dubey and P. Prakash. 1997. Responses of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione antioxidant defenses in gills of the freshwater catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to shortterm elevated temperature. J. Therm. Biol., 22: 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(97)00006-5
  34. Pan, C.H., Y.H. Chien and B. Hunter. 2003. The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juvenile fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 297: 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.07.002
  35. Park, C.J., B.H. Min, K.S. Kim, J.W. Lee, J.H. Lee, J.K. Noh, H.C. Kim, J.W. Park and J.I. Myeong. 2011. Physiological responses on low water-temperature stress of pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Korea J. Malacol., 27: 317-322. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9710/kjm.2011.27.4.317
  36. Park, J.M., J.K. Cho, K.H. Han, N.R. Kim, H.K. Hwang, K.M. Kim, J.I. Myeong and M.H. Son. 2014. Early life history of the sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus from Korea. Dev. Reprod., 18: 13-23. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2014.18.1.013
  37. Park, J.Y., C.G. Hong, J.K. Cho, M.H. Son, K.H. Han and J.M. Park. 2015. Early osteological development of the larvae and juveniles in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Pisces: Serranidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 27: 189-198. (in Korean)
  38. Perry, S.F. and S.D. Reid. 1993. ${\beta}$-adrenergic signal transduction in fish; interactive effects of catecholamines and cortisol. Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 11: 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004567
  39. Pickering, A.D. and T.G. Pottinger. 1989. Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: Effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol. Fish Physiol Biochem., 7: 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004714
  40. Santos, M.A. and M. Pacheco. 1996. Anguilla anguilla L. Stress biomarkers recovery in clean water and secondarytreated pulp mill effluent. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 35: 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1996.0086
  41. Schreck, C.B. and P.B. Moyle. 1990. Methods for fish biology. American. Fish. Society. Bethesda. Maryland. pp. 1-684.
  42. Siddiqui, N. 1977a. Seasonal, size and comparative study of plasma proteins of four airbreathing freshwater fishes. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B., 85: 384-390.
  43. Siddiqui, N. 1977b. Changes in blood plasma mineral concentration with feeding spawning and size of air-breathing catfish (Claria batrachus). Zool. Jahrb., 81: 81-89.
  44. Silkin, Y.A. and E.N. Silkina. 2005. Effect of hypoxia on physiological-biochemical blood parameters in some marine fish. J. Evolut. Biochem. Physiol., 41: 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10893-005-0092-5
  45. So, S.Y., J.W. Her and J.Y. Lee. 2008. Variation of oxygen consumption, operculum movement number and hemoglobin by water temperature change in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Korean J. Ichthyol., 20: 239-247. (in Korean)
  46. Song, Y.B., H.J. Baek, H.B. Kim, S. Kiyoshi, S.J. Kim and Y.D. Lee. 2008. Induction of maturation and ovulation with HCG treatment in the sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus. J. Aquaculture, 21: 96-101. (in Korean)
  47. Specker, C.B., C.S. Bradford, M.S. Fitzpatrick and R. Patino. 1989. Regulation of the interrenal of fishes: Non-classical control mechanism. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 7: 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004715
  48. Tsuzuki, M.Y., K. Ogawa, C.A. Strussmann, M. Maita and F. Takashima. 2001. Physiological responses during stress and subsequent recovery at different salinities in adult pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis. Aquaculture, 200: 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00573-1
  49. Turner, A.H. 1937. Serum protein measurements in the lower vertebrates. II. In marine teleosts and elasmobranchs. Biol. Bull., 73: 511-626. https://doi.org/10.2307/1537610
  50. Wedemeyer, G.A., B.A. Barton and D.J. McLeay. 1990. Stress and acclimation. In: Schreck, C.B. and P.B. Moyle (eds.), Methods for fish biology. American. Fish. Society. Bethesda. MD., 451-489.
  51. West, T.G., C.J. Brauner and P.W. Hochachka. 1994. Muscle glucose utilization during sustained swimming in the carp (Cyprinus carpio). Am. J. Physiol., 267: 1226-1234.
  52. Yanagisawa, T. and K. Hashimoto, 1984. Plasma albumins in elasmobranchs. Nissuishi., 50: 1083.
  53. Yang, M.H., Y.U. Choi, M.M. Jung, H.D. Ku, B.S. Oh, T.S. Moon, C.H. Lee, K.M. Kim and S.J. Han. 2007. Temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Dev. Reprod., 11: 105-109. (in Korean)