Journal of Digital Convergence (디지털융복합연구)

The Society of Digital Policy and Management (한국디지털정책학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis on the Two Processes of Social Comparison and Self-Comparison

사회비교와 자기비교의 두 과정에 관한 분석

  • Kang, Hye-Ja (Dept. of Psychology, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2016.02.15
  • Accepted : 2016.03.20
  • Published : 2016.03.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to examine the two processes of social comparison and self-comparison, and to suggest the applications of social comparison theories and self-comparison theories. For these purposes, social comparison theory, self-evaluation maintenance model, control theory, self-discrepancy theory, regulatory focus theory, and temporal comparison theory were reviewed. The processes of social comparison and self-comparison are different, but both comparisons are similar in that they have some effects on self-evaluation, emotion, motivation and behaviors. Suggestions on education, health, economic justice and interpersonal relationships were discussed.

본 연구에서는 사람들이 흔히 경험하는 사회비교와 자기비교의 두 과정을 비교하여 살펴보고, 이와 관련된 이론들이 어떻게 응용될 수 있는지를 시사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사회비교이론에 해당하는 이론으로서 사회비교 이론과 자기평가유지모형을, 그리고 자기비교이론이라 할 수 있는 제어이론, 자기차이이론, 조절초점이론 및 시점비교이론을 차례로 개관하였다. 사회비교와 자기비교의 과정은 차이가 있지만, 이 두 비교 모두, 자기평가, 정서, 동기 및 행동에 영향을 미친다는 점에서는 유사하다. 사회비교와 자기비교에 관련된 연구들이 교육문제, 건강문제, 경제정의 및 대인관계 등에 대하여 지니는 응용적 함의들을 논의하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Festinger, L. A. "A theory of social comparison process. Human Relations", No. 7, pp. 117-140, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  2. Schachter, S. "The psychology of affiliation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press", 1959.
  3. Wood, J. V. "Theory and research concerning social comparison of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin", No. 106, pp. 231-248, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.231
  4. Collins, R. L. "Among the better ones: upward assimilation in social comparison. In J. Suls and L. Wheeler (eds), Handbook of social comparison: theory and research", pp. 159-171, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2000.
  5. Tesser, A, "Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology", Vol. 21, pp. 181-227. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60227-0
  6. D. S. Hong, "Social psychology, Yangyounggak: Seoul", 1994.
  7. D. W. Han, "Psychology of human motivation. Pakyoungsa: Seoul", pp. 335-336, 2004.
  8. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. " Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review", Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 19-35, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19
  9. Higgins, E. T. "Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review", No. 94, pp. 319-340, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
  10. Higgins, E. T. "Self-discrepancy theory: What patterns of self-beliefs cause people to suffer? In L. Berkowitz(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology", Vol. 22, pp. 93-136, NY: Academic Press, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60306-8
  11. H. J. Kang, "Effects of self-discrepancy, discrepancy reduction expectancy and attribution on emotion, Ph.D. dissertation", Sungkyunkwan University, 1998.
  12. Tangney, J. P., Niedenthal, P. M., Covert, M. V., & Barlow, D. H. "Are shame and guilt related to distinct self-discrepancy? A test of Higgins's(1987) hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 256-268. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.256
  13. Higgins, E. T. "When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 1313-1317, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1313
  14. Higgins, E. T. "Promotion and prevention: regulatory focus as a motivational principle. In M. Zanna(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology" Vol. 30, pp. 1-46, NY: Academic Press, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60381-0
  15. Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., & Freidman, R. "Emotional responses to goal attainment: Strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", No. 72, pp. 515-52, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.515
  16. Higgins, E. T. & Kruglanski, A. W. "Motivational science: Social and personality perspectives. MI: An Arbor", 2000.
  17. H. J. Kang, "Self-discrepancy and regulatory focus, social science studies: Jeonbuk National University", Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 169-187, 2009.
  18. Allbert, S. "Temporal comparison theory, American Psychological Association", Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 485-503, 1977.
  19. Wilson, A. & Ross, M. "The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people's personal appraisals, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 928-942, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.928
  20. Kanten, A. B. & Teigen, K. H. "Better than average and better with time: Relative evaluations of self and others in the past, present and future, European Journal of Social Psychology", No. 38, pp. 343-353, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.457
  21. Brown, R. "The underestimated role of temporal comparison: A test of the life-span model, Journal of Social Psychology", Vol. 136, No. 3, pp. 325-331, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714011
  22. Suls, J. & Wheeler, L. "Social comparison theory, Handbook of theories of social psychology", pp. 460-482, 2012.