Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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The Effect of Invisible Cue on Change Detection Performance: using Continuous Flash Suppression

시각적으로 자각되지 않는 단서자극이 변화 탐지 수행에 미치는 효과: 연속 플래시 억제를 사용하여

  • Received : 2016.01.21
  • Accepted : 2016.02.01
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

The present study investigated the effect size of attention and consciousness on change detection. We confirmed the effect size of consciousness by comparing the condition which combined attention and consciousness and the condition of attention without consciousness. Then, we confirmed the effect size of attention by comparing the condition of attention without consciousness and the control condition which excluded attention and consciousness. For this purpose, change detection task and continuous flash suppression (CFS) were used. CFS renders a highly visible image invisible. In CFS, one eye is presented with a static stimulus, while the other eye is presented with a series of rapidly changing stimuli, such as mondrian patterns. The result is that the static stimulus becomes suppressed from conscious awareness by the stimuli presented in the other eye. We used a customized device with smartphone and google cardboard instead of stereoscope to trigger CFS. In Experiment 1-1, we reenacted some study to validate our experimental setup. Our experimental setup produced the duration of stimulus suppression that were similar to those of preceding research. In Experiment 1-2, we reenacted a study for attention without consciousness using an customized device. The results showed that attention without consciousness more strongly work as a cue. We think that it is reasonable to use CFS treatment employing smartphone and google cardboard for a follow-up study. In Experiment 2, when performing the change detection task, we measured the effect size of consciousness and attention by manipulating the consciousness level of cue. We used the method in which everything but the variable of interest kept being fixed. That way, the difference this independent variable makes to the action of the entire system can be isolated. We found that there was significant difference of correct response rate on change detection performance among different consciousness level of cue. In this study, we investigated that not only the role of attention and consciousness were different also we were able to estimated the effect size.

본 연구에서는 변화 탐지 수행에서 주의와 의식이 미치는 각각의 효과 크기에 대해 관찰하였다. 주의와 의식이 결합된 단서조건과 의식적 접근이 차단된 주의 단서가 제시된 조건에서 과제 수행결과를 비교하여 의식의 효과 크기를 확인하였으며, 의식적 접근이 차단된 주의 단서조건과 주의 단서가 없는 통제 조건에서 과제 수행결과를 비교하여 주의의 효과 크기를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 변화 탐지과제와 연속 플래시 억제(continuous flash suppression, CFS) 현상을 사용하였다. CFS는 한 쪽 눈에 빠르고 연속적으로 변화하는 몬드리안 패턴이 제시되었을 때 관찰자의 다른 쪽 눈에 제시된 정적 시각 자극을 인식하지 못하는 현상이다. CFS 현상을 촉발하기 위해 선행연구에서 주로 사용된 거울입체경 대신 스마트폰과 구글 카드보드를 사용하였다. 실험 1-1에서는 새로운 실험 기기로 구현한 CFS 현상이 시각자극의 인식을 억제하는데 선행연구와 유사한 결과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 1-2에서는 강제선택과제를 수행할 때, 새로운 실험 기기를 통해 제시된 비의식적 자극이 단서로 충분히 작용하는지 알아보았다. 실험결과, 선행연구와 비교하여 비의식적 자극이 단서로서 주의를 끄는데 더욱 강하게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 실험 1-1과 1-2를 통해서 스마트폰과 구글 카드보드를 사용하여 촉발한 CFS 현상을 후속연구에 사용하는데 적합하다고 판단하였다. 실험 2에서는 변화 탐지과제를 수행할 때, 제시되는 단서의 의식 수준을 조작하여 과제 수행에 의식과 주의가 미치는 효과크기를 알아보았다. 독립변인을 제외한 나머지를 유지하는 방법으로 해당 요인이 전체 수행에 미치는 효과를 분리하였다. 실험결과, 단서자극을 의식하는 수준에 따라 변화 탐지수행의 평균 정확도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 비의식적 단서는 의식적 단서가 제시되는 조건이나 단서가 제시되지 않는 조건과 다른 변화 탐지 패턴을 보임으로써 변화 탐지와 같은 인지적 처리과정에서 주의와 의식이 미치는 효과가 다름을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 정보처리과정에서 의식과 주의가 과제수행에 미치는 효과의 크기를 관찰할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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