DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Pasture Mixtures on Forage Yields and Botanical Composition in Jeju at Altitude of 200 m

제주지역 표고 200 m에서 혼합조합별 초지 생산성 및 식생구성

  • Received : 2016.07.15
  • Accepted : 2016.08.17
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the growth characteristics of cool ($C_1$) and warm season grasses ($C_2$) in pastures mixed with $C_1$ and $C_2$ suitable for grazing horses and effect of pastures mixed with tall and short grasses on the intake characteristics of horses. $C_1$ used in this study was Kentucky bluegrass, Redtop (short type grass) and tall type grasses were orchardgrass and tall fescue, respectively. The short type grass used as $C_2$ was Bermudagrass. This study had the following four treatment groups: 1) Treatment 1 (Bermudagrass + Kentucky bluegrass + Redtop) 2) Treatment 2 (Bermudagrass + tall fescue + orchardgrass) 3) Treatment 3 (Kentucky bluegrass + Redtop) 4) Treatment 4 (tall fescue + orchardgrass). There was no winterkilling or lodging problem at an altitude of 200 m. Plant heights in mixed pasture of Treatment 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 53.9, 58.2, 57.5, and 78.1 cm, respectively. Plant height was the highest in Treatment 4. Dry matter yield was in the following order : Treatment 4 > Treatment 3 > Treatment 2 > Treatment 1. In the first investigation regarding vegetation distribution, Bermudagrass ratios among grasses in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were 70% and 66.7%, respectively. Overall, other grasses showed poor growth. In the second investigation of vegetation distribution, Bermudagrass ratios among grasses in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were 80% and 60.7%, respectively. Crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber content, acid detergent fiber content, digestibility value, and nutritive values were the lowest in Treatment 4, followed by those in Treatment 1, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3.

본 연구는 말 방목용으로 적합한 남방형 및 북방형목초를 선발하기 위하여 북방형과 남방형목초를 혼합하거나 북방형목초만을 파종하였고 또한 말의 목초 섭취 특성을 고려하여 북방형목초는 상번초와 하번초로 구별하여 처리를 나누었다. 북방형목초는 하번초인 캔터기블루그라스(Kentucky bluegrass)와 레드톱(redtop), 상번초인 오차드그라스(orchard grass), 톨 페스큐 (tall fescue)를 공시하였다. 남방형목초로는 하번초인 버뮤다그라스를 공시하였다. 남방형 및 북방형 혼합 파종으로 처리 1에서는 하번초위로 구성하여 버뮤다그라스에 캔터키부루그라스 + 레드톱을 혼파하였고, 처리 2는 버뮤다그라스에 상번초인 톨 페스큐+ 오차드그라스를 혼파하였다. 처리 3은 하번초 위주의 북방형목초 캔터키부루그라스+ 레드톱을 혼합 파종하였다. 처리 4는 상번초인톨 페스큐와 오차드그라스를 혼합 파종하였다. 표고 200 m에서는 한해와 도복 피해는 없었다. 초장은 평균적으로는 처리 1이 53.9 cm, 처리 2가 58.2 cm, 처리 3이 57.5 cm, 처리 4가 78.1 cm으로 남방형 및 북방형목초 혼합구 보다는 북방형목초구에서 초장이 더 컸으며 특히 북방형목초 중상번초로 구성된 처리 4의 초장이 가장 컸다. 건물 수량은 처리 1이 12,412 kg, 처리 2가 12,077 kg, 처리 3이 14,884 kg, 처리 4가 16,496 kg으로 남방형 및 북방형목초 혼합구보다는 북방형목초구에서 더 높은 수량을 나타내었고 특히 상번초인 처리 4가 가장 많았다. 식생분포는 1차 조사에서 는 처리 1과 처리 2에서 버뮤다그라스가 70%, 66.7%으로 버뮤다그라스가 우점이 되어 켄터키 블루그라스, 레드톱, 톨 페스큐, 오차드그라스의 생육이 전체적으로 저조하였다. 2차 조사에서는 처리 1에서 버뮤다그라스가 80.0%으로 버뮤다그라스 우점 현상이 더욱 심하여졌다. 조단백질과, NDF, ADF, TDN을 고려했을 때 켄터키블루그라스와 레드톱이 들어간 처리구가 사료가치가 우수하였고 톨 페스큐와 오차드그라스가 들어간 처리구가 상대적으로 좋지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 난방형목초인 버뮤다그라스를 혼합하였을 때는 중간 정도의 성적을 나타내었다. 이상을 종합해볼 때 말 방목에 적합한 방법은 남방형목초와 북방형목초를 혼파하였을 때는 남방형목초가 우점하는 경향을 나타내어 북방형목초의 생육을 방해하므로 남방형 및 북방형목초의 혼파를 피하고 서로 포장을 분리해서 한쪽은 남방형목초를 파종하고 다른쪽은 북방형목초를 파종해서 말을 윤환방목 시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. ANKOM Technology. 2005a. Method for Determining Neutral Detergent Fiber. ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY. http://www.ankom.com/09_ procedures/procedures2.shtml. Accessed May 8, 2005.
  2. ANKOM Technology. 2005b. Method for Determining Acid Detergent Fiber. ANKOM Technology, Fairport. NY. http://www.ankom.com/09_ procedures/procedures1.shtml. Accessed May 8, 2005.
  3. AOAC. 1996. Official methods of analysis 16thed. Association of Official Chemists. Arlington, VA.
  4. Balasko, John A., Evans, G.W. and Duell, R.W. 1996. 29. Bluegrass, Ryegrass and Bentgrass. Forages. Volume 1. Iowa State University Press. pp. 357-371.
  5. Beck, P.A., Stewart, C.B., Philips, J.M., Watkins, K.B. and Gunter, S.A. 2008. Effect of species of cool-season annual grass interseeded into bermudagrass sod on the performance of growing calves. Journal of Animal Science. 85:536-544.
  6. Burton, G.W. and Hanna, W.W. 1995. Bermudagrass. In R.F. Barnes et al. (ed.) Forages-An introduction to grassland agriculture. Vol.1. Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 421-429.
  7. Chae, H.S., Kim, N.Y., Woo, J.H., Back, K.S., Lee, W.S., Kim, S.H., Hwang, K.J., Park, S.H. and Park, N.G. 2015. Changes of Nutritive Value and Productivity According to Stockpiled Period in Mixed Orchardgrass-Tall Fescue Pasture of Jeju Region. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 35(2): 93-98. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2015.35.2.93
  8. Evers, G.W. and Parsons, M.J. 2002. Comparison of seeded and vegetatively planted bermudagrasses. Research Center Technical Report No. 2002-1. Texas A&M University, Overton, TX. pp. 41-42.
  9. Goering, H.L. and Van Soest, P.J. 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis. Agr. Handbook No.379. USDA. Washington DC.
  10. Hill, G.M., Gates, R.N. and West, J.W. 2001. Advances in bermudagrass research involving new cultivars for beef and dairy production. Journal of Animal Science. 79(E. Suppl.):E48-E58. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2001.79E-SupplE48x
  11. Kim, M.C. and Kim, J.H. 1999. Effect of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Planted Singly or in Combination with Other Forage Species on Suppressing Weeds. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 19(3):241-250.
  12. Lee, C.E., Park, N.G., Park, H.S., Oh, W.Y., Ko, M.S., Kim, D.H. and Kang, D.H. 2007. Change in the productivity and the percentage of grasses intake in different mixtures grazed by thoroughbred horses. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 27(1):29-36. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2007.27.1.029
  13. Lee, H.S. and Lee, I.D. 2006. A comparative study of dry matter yield and nutritive value of tall type and turf type mixtures. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 26(4): 221-226. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2006.26.4.221
  14. Lee, I.D. and Lee, H.S. 2003. A comparative study of dry matter yield and nutritive value of tall type and tall+short type mixtures. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 23(2):121-128. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2003.23.2.121
  15. Lee, I.D., Lee, H.S. and Park, Y.J. 2000. Study on the Renovation of White Clover Dominated Pasture. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 20(3):207-214.
  16. Overman, A.R., Neff, C.R., Wilkinson, S.R. and Martin, F.G. 1990. Water, harvest interval and applied nitrogen effects on forage yield of bermudagrass and bahiagrass. Agronomy Journal. 82: 1011-1016. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200050034x
  17. Park, N.G., Hwang, K.J., Lee, C.E., Kim, N.Y., Park, H.S., Ko M.S. and Lim, Y.C. 2011. Effect of seeding dates of Italian ryegrass interseeded into Bermudagrass sod on the forage productivity and botanical composition of Italian ryegrass and Bermudagrass. Journal of the Korean Grassland and Forage Science. 31(4):383-388. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.4.383
  18. Park, H.S., Park, N.G. Kim, J.G., Chio, K.C., Lim, Y.C., Chio, G.J. and Lee, K.W. 2012, Evaluation of characteristics and forage production for bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) in Jeju, Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 32(2):131-138. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2012.32.2.131
  19. Rural development administration. 2012. Livestock. forage, grasses of hwabongwa. Chapter 9, Based on analysis of agricultural science and technology research. pp. 935.
  20. Rao, S.C., Norhup, B.K., Phillips, W.A. and Mayeux, H.S. 2007. Interseeding novel cool- season annual legumes to improve bermudagrass paddocks. Crops Science. 47:168-173. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0088
  21. Richardson, M.D., Hignight, K.W., Walker, R.H., Rodgers, C.A., Rush, D., McCalla, J.H. and Karcher, D.E. 2007. Meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass-two new species for overseeding dormant bermudagrass turf. Crop Science. 47:83-90. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0221
  22. SAS 2002 SAS/STAT Software for PC. Release 8.2, SAS Institute Inc. Cary NC USA.
  23. Scarbrough, D.A., Coblentz, W.K., Coffey, K.P., Hubblell III, TD.S., Smith, E., Humphry, J.B., Jennings, J.A., Ogden, R.K. and Turner, J.E. 2006. Effects of forage management on the nutritive value of stockpiled bermudagrass. Agronomy Journal. 98:1280-1289. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0012
  24. Seo, S. 1990. Effect of Grazing Intensity during Mid - Summer Season on the Grass Regrowth, Utilization Efficiency and Botanical Composition in Pasture. Korean Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 32(5):291-295.
  25. Tylor. R.W. 1995. Hay sampling and grading. Agronomy fact series: AF-16. University of Dalaware. USA.