Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
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Occurrence and Forming Process of the Reddish Bed at Hwangto Cave, Ulleung Island, Korea

울릉도 황토굴 적색층의 산출특징과 형성기작

  • Received : 2016.09.20
  • Accepted : 2016.12.31
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

The Hwangto cave is a sea cave which is located near shore in the Taeha-ri, Ulleung Island, being composed of the reddish tuff wall rock, the topic of this study, and the trachyte ceiling rock. The chemical compositions of the red tuff layer are 49.81-63.63% of $SiO_2$, 13.05-24.91% of $Al_2O_3$, 2.67-5.82% of $Fe_2O_3$, 2.87-6.92% of $Na_2O$, 2.37-3.85% of $K_2O$, 0.55-0.81% of $TiO_2$, 0-0.53% of MnO, 0.39-1.75% of MgO, and 0.60-1.40% of CaO with a pH ranging from 4.5 to 8. The reddish tuff are composed of 23.7-39.4% of anorthoclase, 16.9-33.3% of sanidine, 15.8-26.1% of illite, 5.1-9.0% of hematite, 0-3.7% of goethite, 6.9-9.9% of titanium oxide, and 0.9-9.5% of halite in mineral composition. Although it only includes anorthoclase, sanidine, and illite as major minerals, there can be additional vitric minerals that could not detected by the XRD. The mineralogy and textures of the tuff layer indicate that it became reddish due to the formation of amorphous palagonite and the oxidation of the iron as a heat from the trachytic lava affects the underlying tuff to altered. This iron oxides are enriched in the palagonite, or form microcrystalline or amorphous minerals. We thus suggest that the red tuff layer was generated by the combination of the thermal oxidation involved in the trachytic lava flow on the tuff layer, the palagonitization of the matrix of the tuff, and the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals.

황토굴은 울릉도 태하리 해안에 위치하고 있는 해식동굴로서, 벽면은 적색 응회암층으로 이루어져 있고 상부는 조면암으로 덮여있다. 적색 응회암에 대한 주화학성분은 $SiO_2$ 49.81-63.63%, $Al_2O_3$ 13.05-24.91%, $Fe_2O_3$ 2.67-5.82%, $Na_2O$ 2.87-6.92%, $K_2O$ 2.37-3.85% $TiO_2$ 0.55-0.81%, MnO 0-0.53%, MgO 0.39-1.75%, CaO 0.60-1.40%이며, 토질의 pH는 4.5-8의 범위를 나타내고, 광물성분은 아노르소클레이스(anorthoclase) 23.7-39.4%, 새니딘(sanidine) 16.9-33.3% 일라이트(illite) 15.8-26.1%, 적철석(hematite) 5.1-9.0%, 침철석(goethite) 0-3.7%, 산화티탄(titanium oxide) 6.9-9.9%, 소금(halite) 0.9-9.5%의 범위를 보인다. 하지만 현무암질 응회암층 기질의 내에 존재하는 대부분의 비정질 물질은 XRD회 절선이 나타나지 않으므로 아노르소클레이스, 새니딘, 일라이트가 적색층의 주성분이라고는 할 수 없다. 조면암 용암의 열은 하부의 응회암에 영향을 주어 기질을 쉽게 변질시키는데 이로 인해 적색의 비정질 집합체 팔라고나이트(palagonite)를 형성하고 철 성분을 산화시켜 주변을 채색한 것으로 보인다. 이렇게 이차적으로 형성된 철 산화물은 팔라고나이트 내부에 부화되거나, 극미립 또는 비정질의 철산화물의 형태로 존재하고 있다. 따라서 적색층은 조면암 분출 직후와 관련된 열적 산화작용과 응회암 기질의 팔라고나이트화, 적색층 내에 존재하는 함철광물의 산화작용에 의하여 복합적으로 형성된 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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