Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Impregnation on The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soft-Inner Part of Oil Palm Trunk

  • Hartono, Rudi (Faculty of Forestry, University of Sumatera Utara) ;
  • Hidayat, Wahyu (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Wahyudi, Imam (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Febrianto, Fauzi (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Dwianto, Wahyu (Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences) ;
  • Jang, Jae-Hyuk (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Nam-Hun (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2016.08.23
  • Accepted : 2016.10.12
  • Published : 2016.11.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to improve physical and mechanical properties of soft-inner part of oil palm trunk (S-OPT) after impregnation with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and densification by close system compression (CSC) method. Effect of different methods of PF resin impregnation (i.e., no vacuum-pressure, vacuum, and vacuum-pressure) was evaluated. The results showed that PF resin impregnation and CSC significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT up to: (1) 176% in density; (2) 309% in modulus of rupture (MOR); (3) 287% modulus of elasticity (MOE); and (4) 191% in the compressive strength. Physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT showed their best performances when PF resin impregnated with vacuum-pressure method as shown by higher weight gain, density, MOR, MOE, compressive strength, and lower recovery of set due to better penetration of PF resin into S-OPT. Combining PF resin impregnation and densification by CSC method could be a good method to improve physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Nurul Fazita, M.R., Bhat, A.H., Jawaid, M., Nik Fuad, N.A. 2010a. Development and material properties of new hybrid plywood from oil palm biomass. Materials and Design 31: 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.040
  2. Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Bhat, A.H., Jawaid, M., Amouzgar, P., Ridzuan, R., Said, M.R. 2010b. Agro-wastes: Mechanical and physical properties of resin impregnated oil palm trunk core lumber. Polymer Composites 31(4): 638-644. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20841
  3. BSN (Badan Standarisasi Nasional). 1989. Physical and mechanical properties requirement of wood for furniture. Jakarta, Indonesia. National Standardization Agency.
  4. Bakar, E.S., Rachman, O., Hermawan, D., Karlinasari, L., Rosdiana, N. 1998. Utilization of oil palm tree as building and furniture materials (1): Physical and chemical properties and durability of oil palm wood. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Hutan 11(1): 1-12.
  5. Bakar, E.S., Febrianto, F., Wahyudi, I., Ashaari, Z. 2006. Polygon sawing: An optimum sawing pattern for oil palm stems. J. Biol. Sci. 6(4): 734-749. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2006.734.737
  6. Bakar, E.S., Tahir, P.M., Sahri, M.H., Mohd Noor, M.S., Zulkifli, F.F. 2013. Properties of Resin Impregnated Oil Palm Wood (Elaeis Guineensis Jack). Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 36(S): 93-100.
  7. Directorate General of Estate Crops. 2014. Tree crop estate statistics of Indonesia 2013-2015: Palm oil. Directorate General of Estate Crops. Jakarta, Indonesia. http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/tinymcpuk/gambar/file/statistik/2015/SAWIT%202013%20-2015.pdf
  8. Dwianto, W., Morooka, T., Norimoto, M., Kitajima, T. 1999. Stress relaxation of Sugi (Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don) wood in radial compression under high-temperature steam. Holzforschung 53(5): 541-546.
  9. Erwinsyah. 2008. Improvement of Oil Palm wood properties using bioresin. PhD thesis. Technische Universitat Dresden.
  10. Feng, L.Y., Tahir, P.M., Hoong, Y.B. 2011. Density distribution of Oil Palm stem veneer and its influence on plywood mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Sciences 11(5): 824-831. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.824.831
  11. Furuno, T., Imamura, Y., Kajita, H. 2004. The modification of wood by treatment with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin: a properties enhancement with neutralized phenolic-resin and resin penetration into wood cell walls. Wood Science and Technology 37(5): 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-003-0176-6
  12. Gabrielli, C., Kamke, F.A. 2008. Treatment of chemically modified wood with VTC process to improve dimensional stability. Forest Product Journal 58(12): 82-86.
  13. Hartono, R., Wahyudi, I., Febrianto, F., Dwianto, W. 2011. Maximum compression level measurement of oil palm trunk. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 9(2): 173-183.
  14. Hartono, R., Wahyudi, I., Febrianto, F., Dwianto, W., Hidayat, W., Jang, J.H., Lee, S.H., Park, S.H., Kim, N.H. 2016. Quality Improvement of Oil Palm Trunk Properties by Close System Compression Method. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 44(2): 172-183. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2016.44.2.172
  15. Hashim, K., Tahiruddin, S., Asis, A.J. 2012. Palm and palm kernel oil production and processing in Malaysia and Indonesia, in: Palm Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization, and Uses, Lai, O.M., Tan, C.P., Akoh, C.C. (eds.), AOCS Press, Urbana, IL.
  16. Hoong, Y.B., Loh, Y.F., Nor hafizah, A.W., Paridah, M.T., Jalaluddin, H. 2012. Development of a new pilot scale production of high grade oil palm plywood: Effect of pressing pressure. Materials and Design 36: 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.004
  17. Ibrahim, Z., Aziz, A.A., Ramli, R., Mokhtar, A., Omar, R., Lee, S.J. 2014. Production of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT). Journal of Applied Sciences 14: 1174-1179. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.1174.1179
  18. Inoue, M., Kadokawa, N., Nishio, J., Norimoto, M. 1993. Permanent fixation of compressive deformation by hygro-thermal treatment using moisture in wood. Wood Res Bull. 29: 54-61.
  19. Ismail, A., Mamat, M.N. 2002. The optimal age of oil palm replanting. Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal 2(1): 11-18.
  20. Iswanto, A.H., Sucipto, T., Azhar, I., Coto, Z., Febrianto, F. 2010. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Palm Oil Trunk from Aek Pancur Farming-North Sumatera. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan 3(1): 1-7.
  21. Koh, L.P., Wilcove, D.S. 2007. Cashing in palm oil for conservation. Nature 448: 993-994. https://doi.org/10.1038/448993a
  22. Lamaning, J., Hashim, R., Sulaiman, O., Sugimoto, T., Sato, M., Hiziroglu, S. 2014. Measurement of some properties of binderless particleboards made from young and old oil palm trunks. Measurement 47: 813-819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.10.007
  23. Lim, S.C., Khoo, K. 1986. Characteristic of oil palm trunk and its potential utilization. Malaysian Forester 49(1): 3-22.
  24. Nabil, F.L, Zaidon, A., Anwar, U.K.M., Bakar, E.S., Lee, S.H., Paridah, M.T. 2016. Impregnation of Sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) Wood with Phenol Formaldehyde and Nanoclay Admixture: Effect on Fungal Decay and Termites Attack. Sains Malaysiana 45(2): 255-262.
  25. Nadhari, W.N.A.W., Hashim, R., Sulaiman, O., Sato, M., Sugimoto, T., Selamat, M.E. 2013. Utilization of Oil Palm trunk waste for manufacturing of binderless particleboard: Optimization study. BioResources 8(2): 1675-1696.
  26. Rowell, R. 2005. Chemical Modification of Wood. In: Rowell RM (ed.) Handbook of Wood Chemistry, Wood Composites, Chap. 14. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p. 381-420.
  27. Shams, M.I., Yano, H., Endou, K. 2006. Compressive Deformation of Wood Impregnated with Low Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin III: effects of sodium chlorite treatment. J. Wood Sci. 51: 234-238.
  28. Sulaiman, O., Salim, N., Hashim, R., Yusof, L.H.M., Razak, W., Yunus, N.Y.M., Hashim, W.S., Azmy, M.H. 2009. Evaluation on the suitability of some adhesives for laminated veneer lumber from oil palm trunks. Materials and Design 30(9): 3572-3580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.02.027

Cited by

  1. Quality improvement of laminated board made from oil palm trunk at various outer layer using phenol formaldehyde adhesive vol.309, pp.1757-899X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/309/1/012049
  2. by contact angle method vol.122, pp.1755-1315, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012141
  3. Effect of Particle Pre-treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Made from Oil Palm Trunk vol.166, pp.1755-1315, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012006