The Journal of the Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회논문지)

The Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Color Overlay on Reading Comprehension Depending on Emotional State

감정 상태에 따라 색 오버레이가 언어 인지 기능에 미치는 영향

  • 박윤 (서울미디어대학원대학교 뉴미디어학부) ;
  • 양장훈 (서울미디어대학원대학교 뉴미디어학부)
  • Received : 2015.07.29
  • Accepted : 2015.09.16
  • Published : 2016.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the advance of digital technology, new methods which acquire color information and combine it with various contents are emerging. Color has some effect on emotion while it gives some information as component of an image. In addition, change in emotion and sensation from color stimulus makes some change in cognition. This research investigate the effect of color overlay on cognition depending on emotional state. With this goal, subjects consisting of 10 men and 10 women solved some problems with color overlay of red, orange, and green after watching short video clips which intend to induce target emotion. Experimental results show that red color overlay under positive emotion significantly reduces the average score of solving problems, while green overlay under negative emotion significantly increases it. It is also analyzed that there is not statistically significant difference in cognitive function with color overlay while it is significantly better under positive emotion than negative emotion without color overlay.

디지털 기술의 발달과 함께 색 정보를 획득하고 색 정보를 다양한 콘텐츠와 결합하여 활용할 수 있는 새로운 방법들이 등장하고 있다. 색은 이미지의 요소로서 이미지와 관련된 정보를 주거나 우리의 감성에 영향을 준다. 또한, 색 자극에 의한 감성의 변화나 감각의 변화는 인지 기능에 변화를 가져온다. 본 연구는 인지 기능에 있어서 사용자의 감성에 따른 색 오버레이의 효과에 대해 조사한다. 이 목적에 따라, 20대 성인 남녀 각각 10명을 대상으로 영상을 이용하여 긍정적인 감정과 부정적인 감정을 유도 한 후에 적색/주황색/녹색 오버레이를 적용했을 때의 문제 풀이 능력을 테스트 하였다. 실험 분석 결과 긍정적인 감정 상태에서는 적색이 문제 풀이 능력을 저하시켰고, 부정적인 감정 상태에서는 녹색이 문제풀이 능력을 향상 시켰다. 또한, 색 오버레이 적용애 따른 초기 감정 상태가 인지에 주는 영향을 분석한 결과, 색 오버레이 적용시에는 초기 감정 상태에 따른 차이가 발생하지 않는 반면, 색 오버레이 미적용시에는 긍정적 감정 상태에서 언어 인지 능력이 통계적으로 유의미하게 부정적인 감정 상태에서 보다 향상됨을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/u.s._media_consumption_to_rise_to_15.5_hours_a_day_per_person_by_2015
  2. C. E. Shannon, "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.27, pp.379-423, pp.623-656, 1948. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
  3. 최훈일, 홍성웅, 연재용, 장영건, "난독증 학습장애인을 위한 S/W 색 오버레이 연구," 제1회 한국재활복지공학회 추계학술대회 논문집, pp.103-106, 2007.
  4. 김하나, 이지호, 이지영, "색각이상자를 위한 색채변환기술의 배색모델 연구," 한국색채학회논문집, 제28권, 제2호, pp.49-58, 2014.
  5. M. A. Maier, A. J. Elliot, and Lichtenfeld, " Mediation of the negative effect of red on intellectual performance," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.34, No.11, pp.1530-1540, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208323104
  6. 정서란, 이진호, "색의 감정언어의 생리학적 관계," 한국디자인학회 춘계학술대회, pp.106-107, 2001.
  7. B. Berlin and P. Kay, Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1969.
  8. N. Stone, "Environmental view and color for a simulated telemarketing task," Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.23, No.1, pp.63-78, 2003(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00107-X
  9. R. Mehta and R. Zhu, "Blue or Red? Exploring the Effect of Color on Cognitive Task Performances," Science, Vol.323, pp.1226-1229, 2009(2). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169144
  10. N. Kaya and H. H. EEPS, "Color-emotion associations: Past experience and personal preference," AIC 2004 Color and Paints, Interim Meeting of the International Color Association, pp.31-34, 2004.
  11. http://www.cogsci.uci.edu/-ddhoff/FromColorToEmotion.pdf
  12. P. Valdez and A. Mehrabian, "Effects of Color on Emotions," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol.123, No. 4, pp.394-409, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.394
  13. J. P. Guilford and P. C. Smith, "A system of color preferences," American Journal of Psychology, Vol.72, pp.487-502, 1959. https://doi.org/10.2307/1419491
  14. L. B. Wexner, "The degree to which colors (hues) are associated with mood-tones," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.38, pp.432-435, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062181
  15. L. Weller and R. Livingston, "Effects of color of questionnaire on emotional responses," Journal of General Psychology, Vol.115, pp.433-440, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1988.9710580
  16. M. L. Damhorst and J. A. P. Reed, "Clothing color value and facial expression: Effects on evaluations of female job applicants," Social Behavior and Personality, Vol.14, pp.89-98, 1986. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.1.89
  17. 문정필, "단청색의 정서 관점에서 본 한국 현대건축의 사회적 표현," 사회사상과 문화, 제18권, 제1호, pp.187-216, 2015.
  18. 배하나, 선호색 분석을 통한 한국인의 색채감성 연구, 서울대학교 석사학위 논문, 2004.
  19. H. Ahn and R. W. Picard, "Affective cognitive learning and decision making: The role of emotions," The 18th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research, 2006.
  20. R. W. Picard, Affective Computing, The MIT Press, 2000.
  21. A. Damasio, Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Penguin Books, 2005.
  22. 이수정, "의식되지 않는 정서 점화자극이 대상의 호감도에 미치는 영향," 인지과학, 제10권, 제4호, pp.11-25, 1999.
  23. E. Eich and J. Metcalfe, "Mood dependent memory for internal versus external events," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, Vol.15, No.3, pp.443-455, 1989(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.15.3.443
  24. B. L. Fredrickson and C. Branigan, "Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires," Cognition and Emotion, Vol.19, pp.313-332, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238
  25. J. P. Forgas, S. M. Laham, and P. T. Vargas, "Mood effects on eyewitness memory: on susceptibility to misinformation," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.41, No.6, pp.574-588, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2004.11.005
  26. J. P. Forgas, "Affect and cognition," Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol.3, No.2, pp.94-101, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00067.x
  27. Y. G. Jang, "Mobile Colored Overlays for People with Visual Stress," International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Vol.9, No.6, pp.25-30, 2014. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.6.04
  28. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotopic_sensitivity_syndrome
  29. A. Wilkins, E. Lewis, F. Smith, E. Rowland, and W. Tweedie, "Coloured overlays and their benefit for reading," Journal of Research in Reading, Vol.24, No.1, pp.41-64, 2001(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.00132
  30. A. K. Ludlowa, A. J. Wilkinsb, and P. Heatonc, "Colored overlays enhance visual perceptual performance in children with autism spectrum disorders," Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Vol.2, No.3, pp.498-515, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.10.001
  31. A. Uccula1, M. Enna1, and C. Mulatti, "Colors, colored overlays, and reading skills," Frontiers in psychology, Vol.5, pp.1-4, 2014(7).
  32. A. J. Wilkins, "Coloured overlays and their effects on reading speed: a review," Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, Vol.22, No.5, pp.448-454, 2002(9). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-1313.2002.00079.x
  33. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/color-overlay-irlen-filte/nbnahenplfcpnifmlhjcgicoohbpdcmc
  34. http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1048450&cid=42820&categoryId=42820
  35. A. J. Elliot, M. A. Maier, A. C. Moller, R. Friedman, and J. Meinhardt, "Color and Psychological Functioning: The Effect of Red on Performance Attainment," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol.136, No.1, pp.154-168, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.154
  36. A. M. Dupont, An examination of chain restaurants exterior colors and logo colors, University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository, Spring 2014.
  37. A. S. Soldat, R. C. Sinclair, and M. M. Mark, "Color as an environmental processing cue: External affective cues can directly affect processing strategy without affecting mood," Social Cognition, Vol.15, No.1, pp.55-71, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1997.15.1.55
  38. A. J. Elliot, "Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work," Frontier in psychology, Vol.6, pp.1-8, 2015(4).
  39. J. R. Russell, "A Circumplex Model of Affect," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.39, No.6, pp.1161-1178, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714
  40. Y. Baveye, E. Dellandrea, C. Chamaret, and L. Chen, "LIRIS-ACCEDE: A Video Database for Affective Content Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, Vol.6, No.1, pp.43-55, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2396531