Abstract
The efficiencies of Gang-Byeon sewage treatment facilities, which are based on GPS-X modelling, were analysed and used to design recycle water treatment processes. The effluent of an aeration tank contained total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of 1.8 mg/L with both C-1 and C-2 conditions, confirming that most ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3{^+}-N$) was converted to nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3{^-}-N$). The concentrations of $NH_3{^+}-N$ and $NO_3{^-}-N$ were found to be 222.5 and 227.2 mg/L, respectively, with C-1 conditions and 212.2 and 80.4 mg/L with C-2 conditions. Although C-2 conditions with higher organic matter yielded a slightly higher nitrogen removal efficiency, sufficient denitrification was not observed to meet the discharge standards. For the total nitrogen (T-N) removal efficiency, the final effluent concentrations of T-N were 293.8 mg/L with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 2,500 mg/L, being about 1.5 times lower than that (445.3 mg/L) with BOD of 2,000 mg/L. Therefore, an external carbon source to increase the C/N ratio was required to get sufficient denitrification. During the winter period with temperature less than $10^{\circ}C$, the denitrification efficiency was dropped rapidly even with a high TKN concentration (1,500 mg/L). This indicates that unit reactors (anoxic/aerobic tanks) for winter need to be installed to increase the hydraulic retention time. Thus, to enhance nitrification and denitrification efficiencies, flexible operations with seasons are recommended for nitrification/anoxic/denitrification tanks.