Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

Youth Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Scholastic Performance

청소년의 기업가정신이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 학업성적의 조절효과를 중심으로

  • Choi, Yong-seok (Department of Logistics, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-eun (Division of Business and Commerce, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Kang, Ji-won (Division of Business and Commerce, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Kim, Sun-gu (Sunchon National University Business Support Foundation) ;
  • Han, Ga-rok (Sunchon National University Business Support Foundation)
  • 최용석 (순천대학교 물류학과) ;
  • 이재은 (순천대학교 경상학부 무역학전공) ;
  • 강지원 (순천대학교 경상학부 무역학전공) ;
  • 김선구 (순천대학교 창업지원단) ;
  • 한가록 (순천대학교 창업지원단)
  • Received : 2016.07.07
  • Accepted : 2016.09.30
  • Published : 2016.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper examined the effects of youth entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, we considered scholastic performance as a moderator on the relationship between youth entrepreneurship and their entrepreneurial intention. An empirical analysis on 251 students attending their third year of Suncheon High School revealed the following results. First, the youth entrepreneurship(risk taking, innovativeness and proactiveness) significantly positive affected entrepreneurial intention. The result corresponds to what many preceding studies emphasize, implying that when risk taking, which enables perseverance through uncertain situations, increases; innovativeness, which enables breaking away from existing frameworks, increases; and proactiveness, which creates new opportunities through future-oriented behavior, increase, the entrepreneurial intention of teenagers also increases. Second, a review of the interaction effect of scholastic performance discovered evidence that scholastic performance moderates the relationship between proactiveness and entrepreneurial intention of youth toward a negative(-) direction. In other words, proactiveness positively effects on entrepreneurial intention, but higher scholastic performance imply that such positive tendencies become weakened. The results of the present study will be able to provide significant theoretical and practical implications in carrying out follow-up studies on the youth entrepreneurship, which has been, up to now, relatively neglected.

본 연구는 청소년의 기업가정신(위험감수성, 혁신성, 진취성)이 창업의지에 미치는 영향을 학업성적의 조절효과를 중심으로 실증분석하고 있다. 순천고등학교 3학년에 재학 중인 251명의 학생들을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 기업가정신 즉, 위험감수성, 혁신성, 진취성은 모두 창업의지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 많은 선행연구들이 강조하는 것과 일치되는 결과로서 불확실한 상황을 견딜 수 있는 위험감수성이 높을수록, 기존의 틀을 탈피할 수 있는 혁신성이 높을수록, 그리고 어려움이 있더라도 앞으로 나아가려는 진취성이 높을수록 청소년의 창업의지 역시 높아진다는 것을 시사한다. 둘째, 학업성적의 조절효과를 검증한 결과 학업성적은 청소년들의 진취성과 창업의지 간의 관계를 부(-)의 방향으로 조절한다는 증거가 발견되었다. 즉, 청소년의 진취성이 창업의지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 학업성적이 높을수록 그러한 긍정적인 경향은 약화된다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 그동안 상대적으로 많은 관심을 받지 못했던 청소년 기업가정신에 관한 후속 연구를 진행함에 있어 의미 있는 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. Y., Kim, H. J. & Kim, T. R.(2011), Youth Perception of Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparison of Korean and Finnish Youth(11-R14), Seoul: Korea Institute for Youth Development.
  2. Ajzen, I.(1991), The Theory of Planned Behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  3. Baron, R. & Shane S.(2007), Entrepreneurship: a Process Perspective, Toronto: Nelson Education.
  4. Becherer, R. C. & Maurer, J. G.(1999), The Proactive Personality Disposition and Entrepreneurial Behavior among Small Company Presidents, Journal of Small Business Management, 37(1), 28-36.
  5. Blanchflower, D. G. & Oswald, A. J.(1998), What Makes an Entrepreneur?, Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60. https://doi.org/10.1086/209881
  6. Chang, S. D. & Lee, Z. H.(2013), A Study on the Influencing Effects of University Students' E-Business Start-up Intention, The e-Business Studies, 14(3), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.15719/geba.14.3.201308.37
  7. Chatterjee, S., Hadi, A. S. & Price, B.(2006), Regression Analysis by Example, New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  8. Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G. & Crick, A.(1998), Does Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurs from Managers?, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
  9. Cho, J. H. & Kim, C. J.(2015), The Effects of University Students' Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention: Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Participation, Korean Journal of Resources Development, 18(4), 53-75.
  10. Choi, I. J., Lim, J. Y. & Kim, H. J.(2008), Korean Youth Development Indicators Survey III: General Report(08-R03), Seoul: Korea Institute for Youth Development
  11. Chung, D. Y., Yang, J. H. & Kim, C. K.(2013), Influence of Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Participation on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Chinese Students, Korean Business Education Review, 28(5), 543-572.
  12. Chung, Y. W. & Bahn, S. S.(2008), A Study on the Teenager Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions, Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Society, 3(1), 45-67.
  13. Covin, J. G. & Slevin, D. P.(1991), A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879101600102
  14. Creative Economy Town(2016), Introduction the Creative economy, Retrieved May 11, 2016 from http://policy.creativekorea.or.kr/.
  15. Gartner, W. B.(1990), Some Suggestions for Research on Entrepreneurial Traits and Characteristics, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(1), 27-37.
  16. Gurel, E., Altinay, L. & Daniele, R.(2010), Tourism Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions, Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 646-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.12.003
  17. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C.(1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  18. Han, J. H. & Kim, J. H.(2013), A Study on Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Decision Makings, Review of Business and Economics, 26(6), 2777-2797.
  19. Hisrich R. D. & Brush, C. G.(1985), Women and Minority Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Analysis, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 566-572.
  20. Jang, S. H. & Ma, Y. J.(2011), The Effects of Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation on the Social Performance of Social Enterprise: Focused on the Gender Differences, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 24(5), 2777-2802.
  21. Jo, Y. J. & Lee, S. H.(2012), A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurial Characteristic of Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Performance, Journal of Digital Convergence, 10(5), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2012.10.5.143
  22. Kang, K. K., Lee C. W. & Kim, J. Y.(2015), Study for Fostering Youth Entrepreneurship and Encouraging start-up II: Study on Plans to Develop Entrepreneurship Education Model and Encourage start-up for Youth (15-R14-1), Sejong: Korea Institute for Youth Development.
  23. Kim, G. S. & Bae K. Y.(2004), A Study on the Relationship Between Foodservice Entrepreneurial Influence Factors and Entrepreneurial Intention, Korea Academic Society of Tourism Management, Proceeding of 24th Conference of KASTM, 24th Conference of KASTM, Daegu: Korea Academic Society of Tourism Management.
  24. Kim, J. W.(2014), An Analysis of Factors on College Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focused on the Motivation and Intended Startup Time, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 79-87.
  25. Kim, Y. J., Kwon, Y. K. & Yoon, H. H.(2014), A Study on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention of College.University Students, Journal of Foodservice Management, 17(2), 7-26.
  26. Kim, Y. M. & Jeon, J. E.(2009), A Study on Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Personal Characteristics and Environmental Characteristics, Business Management Review, 42(2), 39-56.
  27. Knight, F. H.(1921), Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, New York: Hart, Schaffner and Marx.
  28. Koh, H. C.(1996), Testing Hypotheses of Entrepreneurial Characteristics: A Study of Hong Kong MBA Students, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949610113566
  29. Kwon, H. K. & Son, H. I.(2014), The Effects of Entrepreneurship on Innovational Behavior Orientation: Focused on Examining Mediator Effects of Affective Organizational Commitment, Management Information Systems Review, 33(3), 77-92.
  30. Kwon, Y. G. & Yoon, H. H.(2013), A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurial Motivations of College Students Majoring in Foodservice on Entrepreneurial Intetions: Focused on the Moderating Effects by Gender, The Korean Journal of Culinary Research, 19(4), 193-210.
  31. Lee, E. G., Park, S. Y. & Lee, S. H.(2015), Study on Measures to Develop Entrepreneurship Education Model and to Encourage Start-up for Youth II: Study on Measures to Develop Entrepreneurship Education Model and to Encourage start-up for At-risk Youth(15-R14), Sejong: Korea Institute for Youth Development.
  32. Lee, H. S. & Baek, M. J.(2012), Individual Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention: Examining the Moderating Role of Subjective Norm, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Venture Studies, 15(2), 65-84.
  33. Lee, I. S., Kim, O. S. & Rha, Y. A.(2013), A Study on the Effect of Young Entrepreneurs' Growth Factors on Entrepreneurial Capability and Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focused on the College Students Majoring in Culinary and Foodservice, The Korean Journal of Culinary Research, 19(4), 25-39.
  34. Lee, J. H. & Bian, G. X.(2011), A Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientations and Entrepreneurial Intentions of College Students, Proceedings of Conference on Business Venturing 2011, Conference on Business Venturing Fall 2011, Seoul: The Korean Society of Business Venturing.
  35. Lee, J. W., Lee, A. J. & Kim, N. H.(2013), The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Traits and Entrepreneurial Intention and the Moderating Effect of Sociocultural Background: The Case of Tourism and Hospitality Students, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 25(2), 267-286.
  36. Lee, M. J. & Kim, J. G.(2013), The Effects of Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Success, Journal of Digital Convergence, 11(9), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.9.055
  37. Lee, S. N.(2014), The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Accounting Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions, Korean Journal of Accounting Research, 19(3), 171-190.
  38. Lumpkin. G. T. & Dess. G. G.(1996), Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568
  39. Miller, D.(1983), The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms, Management Science, 29(7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  40. Naman, J. L. & Slevin, D. P.(1993), Entrepreneurship and the Concept of Fit: A Model and Empirical Tests, Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140205
  41. Oh, H. S., Maeng, Y. I. & Moon, H. Y.(2014), Study for Fostering Youth Entrepreneurship and Encouraging start-up I: An attitude Survey about Entrepreneurship and start-up(14-R17-1), Sejong: Korea Institute for Youth Development.
  42. Park, J. H. & Kim, S. H.(2011), Development of the Adolescent Brain and Behavioral and Cognitive Characteristics, Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 17(1), 11-20.
  43. Park, J. Y. & Yang, H. S.(2014), The Effects of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focusing on Entrepreneurship Education completed prefounders, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 97-107.
  44. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934), The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, Transaction publishers.
  45. Statistics Korea(2016), Employment Trend, Retrieved May 11, 2016 from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_ko/5/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=351117.
  46. Stevenson, H. H.(1983), A Perspective on Entrepreneurship, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School.
  47. Yoo, B. H.(2013), The Effect of Young Entrepreneurs' Psychological Characteristics and Intrinsic Motivation on the Possibility of Sart-up Success, Korean Journal of Business Administration, 26(10), 2669-2690.
  48. Yoon, N. S.(2012), The Effect of Potential Entrepreneurial Motivations on Entrepreneurship and Commitment to Starts-up: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 25(2), 1537-1557.
  49. Yoon, S. W. & Park, S. I.(2008), The Impact of Entrepreneurship of Franchisees on Their Business Performance: Mediation Effects of Market Orientation and Relationship Commitment, Journal of Channel and Retailing, 13(3), 101-126.
  50. Yue, M., Yun, H. J. & Park, S. M.(2014), Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students in Korea and China: Moderating effect of Nationality and Major, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(4), 87-96.